Bone Marrow Edema: Overview of Etiology and Treatment Strategies

Umberto Tarantino^{1

2}, Chiara Greggi^{1

3}, Ida Cariati^{1

3}, Patrizio Caldora⁴, Rodolfo Capanna⁵, Antonio Capone⁶, Roberto Civinini⁷, Stefano Colagrande⁸, Pietro De Biase⁹, Francesco Falez¹⁰, Giovanni Iolascon¹¹, Davide Maraghelli⁸, Laura Masi¹², Marco Matucci Cerinic¹³, Giuseppe Sessa¹⁴, Maria L Brandi¹⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
² Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Rome, Italy.
³ Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Orthopaedic Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.
⁵ Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universal Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁶ Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
⁷ Department of Surgical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁸ Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁹ General Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
¹⁰ Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, S. Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.
¹² Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
¹³ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
¹⁴ Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University Hospital Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
¹⁵ Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

PMID: 34780382
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.21.00300

Review

Bone Marrow Edema: Overview of Etiology and Treatment Strategies

Umberto Tarantino et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2022.

. 2022 Jan 19;104(2):189-200.

doi: 10.2106/JBJS.21.00300.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
² Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, "Policlinico Tor Vergata" Foundation, Rome, Italy.
³ Medical-Surgical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
⁴ Orthopaedic Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.
⁵ Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Universal Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
⁶ Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy.
⁷ Department of Surgical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁸ Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁹ General Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
¹⁰ Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, S. Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy.
¹² Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy.
¹³ Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
¹⁴ Section of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University Hospital Policlinico Rodolico-San Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
¹⁵ Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

PMID: 34780382
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.21.00300

Abstract

➤: Bone marrow edema (BME) is a nonspecific but relevant finding, usually indicating the presence of an underlying pathology.

➤: The gold standard technique for detecting BME is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as it allows for a correct diagnosis to be made, which is extremely important given the heterogeneity of BME-related diseases.

➤: Depending on the severity of painful symptomatology and the MRI evidence, different treatment strategies can be followed: physical modalities, pharmacological options, and surgical therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJS/G779).

References

1. Wilson AJ, Murphy WA, Hardy DC, Totty WG. Transient osteoporosis: transient bone marrow edema? Radiology. 1988 Jun;167(3):757-60.
1. Korompilias AV, Karantanas AH, Lykissas MG, Beris AE. Bone marrow edema syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 2009 May;38(5):425-36.
1. Thiryayi WA, Thiryayi SA, Freemont AJ. Histopathological perspective on bone marrow oedema, reactive bone change and haemorrhage. Eur J Radiol. 2008 Jul;67(1):62-7.
1. Starr AM, Wessely MA, Albastaki U, Pierre-Jerome C, Kettner NW. Bone marrow edema: pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and imaging. Acta Radiol. 2008 Sep;49(7):771-86.
1. Hofmann S, Kramer J, Vakil-Adli A, Aigner N, Breitenseher M. Painful bone marrow edema of the knee: differential diagnosis and therapeutic concepts. Orthop Clin North Am. 2004 Jul;35(3):321-33, ix.

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Bone Marrow Edema: Overview of Etiology and Treatment Strategies

Affiliations

Bone Marrow Edema: Overview of Etiology and Treatment Strategies

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical