Width and thickness of the gingiva in periodontally healthy individuals in a central Indian population: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives: The present study was performed to determine the gingival dimensions (width and thickness) among young individuals in a central Indian population.

Materials and methods: Periodontal probing depth, width of the keratinized and attached gingiva, and gingival thickness were recorded on maxillary and mandibular teeth from central incisor to first molar unilaterally in 75 systemically healthy individuals (32 males and 43 females; 19-30 years of age). Comparisons were made gender-wise, arch-wise, tooth-wise, and site-wise using either the Student's t test or the ANOVA.

Results: Keratinized and attached gingiva were wider in the maxilla than in the mandible both at proximal and at mid-buccal aspects (p < 0.001). At the tooth level also, gingiva was wider at the maxillary teeth than the corresponding mandibular teeth and at proximal aspects than at the mid-buccal aspect (p < 0.001). Regarding the thickness, gingiva was thicker among males, in the mandible, and at inter-proximal sites (p < 0.001). In either arch, maximum thickness was observed at the incisor region and least at the canine region.

Conclusions: Dimensions of the gingival tissues vary between different populations and between different areas of the dentition within the same subject. These variations need to be better understood because these aspects may have an important bearing on periodontal treatment planning as width and thickness of gingiva are important in terms of maintenance of periodontal health.

Clinical relevance: The dimensions of the clinically healthy gingiva are important in clinical practice as they can influence the progression of periodontal disease as well as impact the outcome of periodontal and restorative and orthodontic therapy.

Keywords: Attached gingiva; Gingiva; Gingival biotype; Gingival dimensions; Gingival thickness; Keratinized gingiva; Mandible; Maxilla; Probing depth.