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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Mar;76(3):588-599.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.11.006. Epub 2021 Nov 14.

Effect of sarcopenia on survival in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

Xinxing Tantai  1 , Yi Liu  2 , Yee Hui Yeo  3 , Michael Praktiknjo  4 , Ezequiel Mauro  5 , Yuhei Hamaguchi  6 , Cornelius Engelmann  7 , Peng Zhang  8 , Jae Yoon Jeong  9 , Jeroen Laurens Ad van Vugt  10 , Huijuan Xiao  11 , Huan Deng  12 , Xu Gao  13 , Qing Ye  14 , Jiayuan Zhang  15 , Longbao Yang  1 , Yaqin Cai  1 , Yixin Liu  1 , Na Liu  1 , Zongfang Li  16 , Tao Han  14 , Toshimi Kaido  17 , Joo Hyun Sohn  18 , Christian Strassburg  4 , Thomas Berg  19 , Jonel Trebicka  20 , Yao-Chun Hsu  21 , Jan Nicolaas Maria IJzermans  10 , Jinhai Wang  22 , Grace L Su  23 , Fanpu Ji  24 , Mindie H Nguyen  25
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Free article
Meta-Analysis

Effect of sarcopenia on survival in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

Xinxing Tantai et al. J Hepatol. 2022 Mar.
Free article

Abstract

Background & aims: The association between sarcopenia and prognosis in patients with cirrhosis remains to be determined. In this study, we aimed to quantify the association between sarcopenia and the risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis, stratified by sex, underlying liver disease etiology, and severity of hepatic dysfunction.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and major scientific conference sessions were searched without language restriction through 13 January 2021 with an additional manual search of bibliographies of relevant articles. Cohort studies of ≥100 patients with cirrhosis and ≥12 months of follow-up that evaluated the association between sarcopenia, muscle mass and the risk of mortality were included.

Results: Twenty-two studies involving 6,965 patients with cirrhosis were included. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis was 37.5% overall (95% CI 32.4%-42.8%), and was higher in male patients, those with alcohol-associated liver disease, those with Child-Pugh grade C cirrhosis, and when sarcopenia was defined by L3-SMI (third lumbar-skeletal muscle index). Sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.30, 95% CI 2.01-2.63), with similar findings in a sensitivity analysis of patients with cirrhosis without hepatocellular carcinoma (aHR 2.35, 95% CI 1.95-2.83) and in subgroups stratified by sex, liver disease etiology, and severity of hepatic dysfunction. The association between quantitative muscle mass index and mortality further supports the association between sarcopenia and poor prognosis (aHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.98). There was no significant heterogeneity in any of our analyses.

Conclusions: Sarcopenia was highly and independently associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis.

Lay summary: The prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with death in patients with cirrhosis remain unclear. This meta-analysis indicated that sarcopenia affected about one-third of patients with cirrhosis and up to 50% of patients with alcohol-related liver disease or Child-Pugh class C cirrhosis. Sarcopenia was independently associated with an ∼2-fold higher risk of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The mortality rate increased with greater severity or longer durations of sarcopenia. Increasing awareness about the importance of sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis among stakeholders must be prioritized.

Keywords: alcohol-associated liver disease; cirrhosis; prognosis; sarcopenia; skeletal muscle index.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest MP is funded by BONFOR-Forschungskommission der Medizinischen Fakultät Bonn and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy–EXC2151–390873048 and Ernst-und-Berta Grimmke Foundation. TB: Grants: Abbvie, BMS, Gilead, Humedics, Intercept, Janssen, MSD/Merck, Merz, Novartis, and Sequana Medical; Consulting or advisory board: Abbvie, Alexion, Bayer, BMS, Gilead, Intercept, Janssen, MSD/Merck, Merz, Novartis, Sequana Medical, and Spring Bank; Speaker: Abbvie, Alexion, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, Gilead, Intercept, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD/Merck, Merz, Novartis, Sirtex and Sequana Medical in the past 2 years. JT was supported by grants of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB TRR57 P18, CRC 1382 A09), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program’s GALAXY study (No. 668031), LIVERHOPE (No. 731875), MICROB-PREDICT (No. 825694), DECISION (No. 84794) and the Cellex Foundation (PREDICT). JT: Grants: Gore; Consultant: Martins Pharma, Ironwood, Gore, Alexion, BMS, Grifols, Sequana Medicals, Versantis; Sponsored lectures (National or International): Gilead Sciences, Gore, Alexion, BMS, Grifols, Sequana Medicals, Norgine, Intercept. FJ: Speaker: Gilead Sciences, MSD and Ascletis. Consulting or advisory board: Gilead Sciences and MSD. MHN: Grants: Gilead, Pfizer, Enanta, Vir, Glycotest, National Cancer Institute, B. K. Kee Foundation, Exact Sciences; Helio Health; Consulting or advisory board: Intercept, Gilead, Exact Sciences, Laboratory of Advanced Medicine, Bayer, Eisai, GSK, Novartis. All other authors report no conflicts of interest. Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

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