Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Oct 15;13(10):11014-11025.
eCollection 2021.

The pulmonary infection risk factors in long-term bedridden patients: a meta-analysis

Zhen Chen  1 , Tianshuang Song  1 , Yilan Li  1 , Ling Luo  1 , Ziqiong Li  1 , Qinghua Zhao  2
Affiliations

The pulmonary infection risk factors in long-term bedridden patients: a meta-analysis

Zhen Chen et al. Am J Transl Res. .

Abstract

This study aimed to review the pulmonary infection risk factors in long-term bedridden patients. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, and the China Biomedical Literature Service System databases were searched to retrieve articles on the clinical risk factors, from database establishment to July 31, 2020. Two researchers independently screened the search results, evaluated the quality of the studies using NOS criteria, and extracted the data. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. A total of 13 articles including 10,182 patients were included. The statistically significant risk factors included age (OR=1.82), diabetes (OR=2.15), hormones (OR=3.14), consciousness disorders (OR=3.83), BMI<18.5 kg/m2 (OR=1.57), antibiotics (OR=2.21), smoking history (OR=1.68), nasal-feeding (OR=4.64), ventilator use (OR=5.95), invasive operations (OR=5.04), hospitalization times (OR=3.16), and stay-in-bed times (OR=2.69). Therefore, according to the OR values, age, a BMI<18.5 kg/m2, and smoking history were low risk-factors (2≥OR>1). Diabetes, antibiotics, and stay-in-bed times were medium risk-factors (3≥OR>2). Hormone levels, consciousness disorders, nasal-feeding, ventilator use, invasive operations, and hospitalization times were high risk-factors (OR>3). In conclusion, the low risk-factors (age, BMI, smoking history), the medium risk-factors (diabetes, antibiotics, stay-in-bed length), and especially the high risk-factors (hormones, consciousness disorders, nasal-feeding, ventilator use, invasive operations, hospitalization times) deserve more attention for preventing pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.

Keywords: Long-term bedridden patients; meta-analysis; pulmonary infection; risk factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart for the literature screening process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of age ≥80 years on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of diabetes on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of hormone use on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effect of consciousness disorders on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The effect of a BMI<18.5 kg/m2 on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of antibiotics on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The effect of smoking history on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The effect of nasal feeding on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The effect of ventilator use on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The effect of invasive procedures on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The effect of the length of hospital stay on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
Figure 13
Figure 13
The effect of length of stay in bed on pulmonary infections in long-term bedridden patients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Eimori K, Endo N, Uchiyama S, Takahashi Y, Kawashima H, Watanabe K. Disrupted bone metabolism in long-term bedridden patients. PLoS One. 2016;11:e0156991. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yan HM, Zhang M, Zhang X, Xia YT, Shen T, Zhao ZP, Chen ZH, Huang ZJ, Wang LM. Study of epidemiology characteristics of metabolic syndrome and influencing factors in elderly people in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2019;40:284–289. - PubMed
    1. Wei L, Yi H, Hai-Lu Z. Elderly people with disabilities in China. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67:858–859. - PubMed
    1. Jiao J, Yang XY, Li Z. Incidence and related factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia among older bedridden patients in China: a hospital-based multicenter registry data based study. Front Public Health. 2019;7:211. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Jerrells TR, Pavlik JA, DeVasure J, Vidlak D, Costello A, Strachota JM, Wyatt TA. Association of chronic alcohol consumption and increased susceptibility to and pathogenic effects of pulmonary infection with respiratory syncytial virus in mice. Alcohol. 2007;41:357–369. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources