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. 2022 Feb;122(2):415-423.
doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04851-w. Epub 2021 Nov 18.

Genomic predictors of testosterone levels are associated with muscle fiber size and strength

João Paulo L F Guilherme  1 , Ekaterina A Semenova  2   3 , Oleg V Borisov  2 , Andrey K Larin  2 , Ethan Moreland  4 , Edward V Generozov  2 , Ildus I Ahmetov  5   6   7   8
Affiliations

Genomic predictors of testosterone levels are associated with muscle fiber size and strength

João Paulo L F Guilherme et al. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: Circulating testosterone levels are a heritable trait with anabolic properties in various tissues, including skeletal muscle. So far, hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with testosterone levels have been identified in nonathletic populations. The aim of the present study was to test the association of 822 testosterone-increasing SNPs with muscle-related traits (muscle fiber size, fat-free mass and handgrip strength) and to validate the identified SNPs in independent cohorts of strength and power athletes.

Methods: One hundred and forty-eight physically active individuals (47 females, 101 males) were assessed for cross-sectional area (CSA) of fast-twitch muscle fibers. Significant SNPs were further assessed for fat-free mass and handgrip strength in > 354,000 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. The validation cohorts included Russian elite athletes.

Results: From an initial panel of 822 SNPs, we identified five testosterone-increasing alleles (DOCK3 rs77031559 G, ESR1 rs190930099 G, GLIS3 rs34706136 TG, GRAMD1B rs850294 T, TRAIP rs62260729 C) nominally associated (P < 0.05) with CSA of fast-twitch muscle fibers, fat-free mass and handgrip strength. Based on these five SNPs, the number of testosterone-increasing alleles was positively associated with testosterone levels in male athletes (P = 0.048) and greater strength performance in weightlifters (P = 0.017). Moreover, the proportion of participants with ≥ 2 testosterone-increasing alleles was higher in power athletes compared to controls (68.9 vs. 55.6%; P = 0.012).

Conclusion: Testosterone-related SNPs are associated with muscle fiber size, fat-free mass and strength, which combined can partially contribute to a greater predisposition to strength/power sports.

Keywords: Athletic performance; Elite athletes; Genetics; Hormones; Polymorphism; Skeletal muscle.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study design showing the selection process for significant SNPs and testosterone-increasing alleles
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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