Chaotic lipoma with proximal syrinx -a (not so) rare variant - review of the literature, possible embryology and management

Abstract

Chaotic lipomas are an extremely rare variant of spinal lipomas. This entity was first defined in 2009 by Pang and colleagues. Not much has been written about this variant. Its characteristic is the haphazard distribution of DREZ (Dorsal root entry zone), nerve roots and placode-lipoma interface. Thus complete/near-total excision of this lesion is quite difficult. We describe a case of chaotic spinal lipoma and elucidate the challenges faced in the management of this entity and review the literature. We performed a thorough systematic review with the keyword 'chaotic', 'Lipomyelomeningocele', 'Complex Lipomyelomeningocele', 'LMMC', 'Lumbar lipoma', 'spinal lipoma' in the google scholar and PUBMED data system for indexed literature on the above topic with no particular time frame. The studies quoted range earliest from 1970 till currently. Additional potential relevant articles were further retrieved through a manual search of references from original reports. Out of 42 studies, a total of 21 publications were selected which could have encountered a chaotic variant, but due to the term introduced only recently in 2009, may have been described differently. Studies encompassing true lipomeningomyelocele were excluded from our review. What we found out? Chaotic lipoma may not be a new entity. The scarce description in literature may be in part due to non-introduction and unclear description of this term earlier. The management of this variant is particularly challenging with basic principles remaining the same. Meticulous near-total excision and placode-lipoma construct are the major obstacles.

Keywords: Chaotic lipoma; LMMC; complex lipomas; cystocele; embryology; placode.