Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Nov 13:13:2065-2084.
doi: 10.2147/NSS.S330986. eCollection 2021.

Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy: Etiology, Electro-Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Strategies

Huijuan Wan #  1   2   3 , Xing Wang #  4 , Yiyi Chen  1   2 , Bin Jiang  3 , Yangmei Chen  5 , Wenhan Hu  6 , Kai Zhang  7 , Xiaoqiu Shao  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy: Etiology, Electro-Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Strategies

Huijuan Wan et al. Nat Sci Sleep. .

Abstract

Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) is a group of clinical syndromes with heterogeneous etiologies. SHE is difficult to diagnose and treat in the early stages due to its diverse clinical manifestations and difficulties in differentiating from non-epileptic events, which seriously affect patients' quality of life and social behavior. The overall prognosis for SHE is unsatisfactory, but different etiologies affect patients' prognoses. Surgical treatment is an effective method for carefully selected patients with refractory SHE; nevertheless, preoperative assessment remains challenging because of the low sensitivity of noninvasive scalp electroencephalogram and imaging to detect abnormalities. However, through a careful analysis of semiology, the clinician can deduce the potential epileptogenic zone. This paper summarizes the research status of the background, etiology, electro-clinical features, diagnostic criteria, prognosis, and treatment of SHE to provide a more in-depth understanding of its pathophysiological mechanism, improve the accuracy in the diagnosis of this group of syndromes, and further explore more targeted therapy plans.

Keywords: SOZ; electroencephalogram; epileptogenic zone; hypermotor; seizure onset zone; semiology.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Historical background of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of the seizure semiology patterns of SHE derived from anatomical-electrical-clinical data.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Lugaresi E. Cirignotta F Hypnogenic paroxysmal dystonia: epileptic seizure or a new syndrome? Sleep. 1981;4(2):129–138. doi:10.1093/sleep/4.2.129 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lugaresi E, Cirignotta F, Montagna P. Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49(4):375–380. doi:10.1136/jnnp.49.4.375 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tinuper P, Cerullo A, Cirignotta F, et al. Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia with short-lasting attacks: three cases with evidence for an epileptic frontal lobe origin of seizures. Epilepsia. 1990;31(5):549–556. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb06105.x - DOI - PubMed
    1. Tinuper P, Bisulli F, Cross J, et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. Neurology. 2016;86(19):1834–1842. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002666 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gibbs SA, Proserpio P, Francione S, et al. Clinical features of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy in relation to the seizure-onset zone: a review of 135 surgically treated cases. Epilepsia. 2019;60(4):707–717. doi:10.1111/epi.14690 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources