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. 2021;6(1):26.
doi: 10.1186/s41231-021-00106-0. Epub 2021 Nov 17.

Association between angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AGTR1) polymorphisms and COVID-19 infection in the southeast of Iran: a preliminary case-control study

Hamid Reza Kouhpayeh #  1 , Farhad Tabasi #  2   3 , Mohammad Dehvari  4 , Mohammad Naderi  1 , Gholamreza Bahari  5 , Tahereh Khalili  3 , Courtney Clark  6 , Saeid Ghavami  6 , Mohsen Taheri  4   7
Affiliations

Association between angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-II receptor 1 (AGTR1) polymorphisms and COVID-19 infection in the southeast of Iran: a preliminary case-control study

Hamid Reza Kouhpayeh et al. Transl Med Commun. 2021.

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic remains an emerging public health crisis with serious adverse effects. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV--2) infection, targeting angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor for cell entry. However, changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) balance alter an individual's susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. We aimed to evaluate the association between AGT rs699 C > T, ACE rs4646994 I/D, and AGTR1 rs5186 C > A variants and the risk of COVID-19 infection and the severity in a sample of the southeast Iranian population.

Methods: A total of 504 subjects, including 258 COVID-19 positives, and 246 healthy controls, were recruited. Genotyping of the ACE gene rs4646994, and AGT rs699, and AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively.

Results: Our results showed that the II genotype of ACE rs4646994 and the I allele decreased the risk of COVID-19 infection. Moreover, we found that the TC genotype and C allele of AGT rs699 increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. The AGTR1 rs5186 was not associated with COVID-19 infection. Also, we did not find any association between these polymorphisms and the severity of the disease. However, we found a significantly higher age and prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in patients with severe disease than a non-severe disease.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that ACE rs4646994 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in a southeast Iranian population.

Keywords: ACE; AGT; AGTR1; Angiotensin; COVID-19; Polymorphism; SARS-CoV-2.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interestsAll authors declared that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Electrophoresis pattern of the PCR products for ACE rs4646994 indel polymorphism detection. M: DNA marker; Lanes 1, 6: ID; Lanes 2, 5: II; Lanes 3, 4: DD
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Electrophoresis pattern of the PCR-RFLP products for AGT rs699 polymorphism detection. M: DNA marker; Lanes 1, 4: TC; Lanes 2, 3: TT
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Electrophoresis pattern of the PCR-RFLP products for AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphism detection. M: DNA marker; Lanes 1, 4: AA; Lanes 2, 3: AC
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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