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. 2022 Jul;69(4):e1142-e1152.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.14400. Epub 2021 Dec 3.

Porcine circovirus-2 in Africa: Identification of continent-specific clusters and evidence of independent viral introductions from Europe, North America and Asia

Giovanni Franzo  1 , Tirumala B K Settypalli  2 , Ebere Roseann Agusi  3 , Clement Meseko  3 , Germaine Minoungou  4 , Bruno Lalidia Ouoba  4 , Zerbo Lamouni Habibata  4 , Abel Wade  5 , José Luís de Barros  6 , Curé Georges Tshilenge  7 , Esayas Gelaye  8 , Martha Yami  8 , Daniel Gizaw  9 , Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa  9 , Iolanda Vieira Anahory  10 , Lourenço P Mapaco  10 , Sara J Achá  10 , Jeremiah Ijomanta  3 , Anvou Rachael Jambol  3 , Adeyinka Jeremy Adedeji  3 , Pam Dachung Luka  3 , David Shamaki  3 , Mariame Diop  11 , Mame Thierno Bakhoum  11 , Modou Moustapha Lo  11 , Jelly S Chang'a  12 , Bishop Magidanga  12 , Charles Mayenga  12 , Maureen Wakwamba Ziba  13 , George Dautu  13 , Charles Masembe  14 , Jenna Achenbach  15 , Umberto Molini  16   17 , Giovanni Cattoli  2 , Charles E Lamien  2 , William G Dundon  2
Affiliations

Porcine circovirus-2 in Africa: Identification of continent-specific clusters and evidence of independent viral introductions from Europe, North America and Asia

Giovanni Franzo et al. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is associated with several disease syndromes in domestic pigs that have a significant impact on global pig production and health. Currently, little is known about the status of PCV-2 in Africa. In this study, a total of 408 archived DNA samples collected from pigs in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia between 2000 and 2018 were screened by PCR for the presence of PCV-2. Positive amplicons of the gene encoding the viral capsid protein (ORF2) were sequenced to determine the genotypes circulating in each country. Four of the nine currently known genotypes of PCV-2 were identified (i.e. PCV-2a, PCV-2b, PCV-2d and PCV-2 g) with more than one genotype being identified in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Mozambique, Senegal and Zambia. Additionally, a phylogeographic analysis which included 38 additional ORF2 gene sequences of PCV-2s previously identified in Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa from 2014 to 2016 and 2019 to 2020 and available in public databases, demonstrated the existence of several African-specific clusters and estimated the approximate time of introduction of PCV-2s into Africa from other continents. This is the first in-depth study of PCV-2 in Africa and it has important implications for pig production at both the small-holder and commercial farm level on the continent.

Keywords: Africa; genotypes; phylogeographic analysis; porcine circovirus-2.

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References

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