Allergy education and training for physicians

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of allergic diseases has placed a significant burden on global healthcare and society as whole. This has necessitated a rapid development of "allergy" as a specialist area. However, as allergy is so common and, for most, relatively easy to diagnose and control, all clinicians need to have basic knowledge and competence to manage mild disease and recognize when referral is required. The allergology specialty has not yet been recognized in many countries and even where allergy is fully recognized as a specialty, the approach to training in allergy differs significantly. In the light of recent developments in allergy diagnosis and management, there is an urgent need to harmonize core competences for physicians, as well as the standardization of core principles for medical education and post-graduate training in allergy. All physicians and allied health professionals must appreciate the multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to allergy, which is key to achieving the highest standards in holistic care. Due to worldwide variation in resources and personnel, some MDT roles will need to be absorbed by the treating physician or other healthcare professionals. We draw particular attention to the role of psychological input for all allergy patients, dietetic input in the case of food allergy and patient education to support all patients in the supported self-management of their condition on a daily basis. A strong appreciation of these multidisciplinary aspects will help physicians provide quality patient-centered care. We consider that harmonization of allergy components within undergraduate curricula is crucial to ensure all physicians develop the appropriate allergy-related knowledge and skills, particularly in light of inconsistencies seen in the primary care management of allergy. This review from the World Allergy Organization (WAO) Education and Training Committee also outlines allergy-related competences required of physicians working with allergic patients and provides recommendations to promote harmonization of allergy training and practice worldwide.

Keywords: Allergy; Allergy education; Allergy training; Competence; Multidisciplinary team.

Fig. 1

Recommended components for the undergraduate curriculum, stratified into “minimum components”, “additional components” and “future considerations”. ∗MDT = multidisciplinary team.

Fig. 2

Variation in prior competence recommendations for allergy specialists (EAACI and WAO).^, The overlapping area indicates where the WAO and EAACI recommendations agree. The lists either side are only noted by either WAO or EAACI-UEMS and represent recommendations unique to each paper.

Fig. 3

Proposed recommendations for competences in allergy stratified into “core”, “additional” and “specialist” competences. ∗MDT = multidisciplinary team.