NH reports funding from Diabetes UK and NHS England and NHS Improvement and the South Asian Health Foundation to support this work. NS reports grant and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novartis; grants from Roche Diagnostics; and personal fees from Afimmune, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Sanofi, outside the submitted work. JV is National Clinical Director for Diabetes and Obesity at NHS England and NHS Improvement. KK has reports grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and personal fees from Amgen, Astrazeneca, Bayer, NAPP Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Berlin-Chemie/Menarini Group, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, and Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors declare no competing interests or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Naveed Sattar and Kamlesh Khunti contributed equally to this work.