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Review
. 2022 Jan;106(1):81-97.
doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.010.

Understanding Stimulant Use and Use Disorders in a New Era

Daniel Ciccarone  1 , Steve Shoptaw  2
Affiliations
Review

Understanding Stimulant Use and Use Disorders in a New Era

Daniel Ciccarone et al. Med Clin North Am. 2022 Jan.

Abstract

Extending from the triple wave epidemic of opioid-related overdose deaths, a fourth wave of high mortality involving methamphetamine and cocaine use has been gathering force. This article provides a review of the published literature on stimulants including epidemiology, pharmacology, neurobiology, medical and psychiatric consequences, withdrawal management, and medical and behavioral treatments.

Keywords: Behavioral treatments; Cocaine; Epidemiology; Fentanyl; Medication treatments; Methamphetamine; Neurobiology; Pharmacology.

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References

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MeSH terms