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. 2021 Nov 25;11(1):22907.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02433-6.

Development of a new clinical index to easily assess frailty of elderly patients with multiple myeloma in Asian population

Ho Sup Lee  1 , JiHyun Lee  2 , Jae-Cheol Jo  3 , Sung-Hoon Jung  4 , Je-Jung Lee  4 , Dajung Kim  1 , Sangjin Lee  5 , Kevin Song  6
Affiliations

Development of a new clinical index to easily assess frailty of elderly patients with multiple myeloma in Asian population

Ho Sup Lee et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The number of elderly people is rapidly growing, and the proportion of elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) continues to increase. This study aimed to develop a frailty assessment tool based on clinical data and to estimate its feasibility in elderly patients with MM. This study analyzed data from 728 elderly transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed MM who were treated between January 2010 and October 2019. Our clinical frailty index included age (< 75, and ≥ 75 years), Charlson comorbidity index (CCI; < 3 and ≥ 3), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score (ECOG score; 0, 1-2, and ≥ 3). Patients were classified as fit, intermediate, or frail if they had a score of 0, 1, or ≥ 2, respectively. The overall survival rates differed significantly according to frailty (fit vs. intermediate: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.43-4.06; P = 0.001; fit vs. frail: HR = 4.61; 95% CI = 2.74-7.77; P < 0.001 and intermediate vs. frail: HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.49-2.45, P < 0.001, respectively). The frail had significantly shorter EFS compared with the fit and intermediate group in our frailty index (fit vs. intermediate: HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 0.92-1.96, P = 0.132; fit vs. frail: HR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.40-3.02, P < 0.001; and intermediate vs. frail: HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.22-1.92, P < 0.001, respectively). The new clinical frailty index, which is based on age, CCI, and ECOG PS, can easily assess frailty in elderly patients with MM and can be helpful in predicting survival outcomes in real world clinical setting.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Proportion of patients classified in each frailty group according to the frailty model.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overall survival (OS) by group as identified using different frailty assessment tools. OS of groups classified using the new clinical frailty index (A), revised myeloma comorbidity index (B), and simplified frailty scale (C).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Event-free survival (EFS) by group as identified using different frailty assessment tools. EFS of groups classified using the new clinical frailty index (A), revised myeloma comorbidity index (B), and simplified frailty scale (C).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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