An in vitro biofilm model system to facilitate study of microbial communities of the human oral cavity

Abstract

The human oral cavity is host to a diverse microbiota. Much of what is known about the behaviour of oral microbes derives from studies of individual or several cultivated species, situations which do not totally reflect the function of organisms within more complex microbiota or multispecies biofilms. The number of validated models that allow examination of the role that biofilms play during oral cavity colonization is also limited. The CDC biofilm reactor is a standard method that has been deployed to study interactions between members of human microbiotas allowing studies to be completed during an extended period under conditions where nutrient availability, and washout of waste products are controlled. The objective of this work was to develop a robust in vitro biofilm-model system from a pooled saliva inoculum to study the development, reproducibility and stability of the oral microbiota. By employing deep sequencing of the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, we found that the CDC biofilm reactor could be used to efficiently cultivate microbiota containing all six major phyla previously identified as the core saliva microbiota. After an acclimatisation period, communities in each reactor stabilised. Replicate reactors were predominately populated by a shared core microbiota; variation between replicate reactors was primarily driven by shifts in abundance of shared operational taxonomic units. We conclude that the CDC biofilm reactor can be used to cultivate communities that replicate key features of the human oral cavity and is a useful tool to facilitate studies of the dynamics of these communities.