Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Oct 29;10(11):1322.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10111322.

Genomic Features of Salmonella enterica Subspecies houtenae Serotype 45:g,z51:- Isolated from Multiple Abdominal Abscesses of an African Fat-Tailed Gecko, United States, 2020

Ji-Yeon Hyeon  1   2 , Zeinab H Helal  1   2 , Robert Polkowski  2 , Kristin Vyhnal  1   2 , Neha Mishra  1   2 , Junwon Kim  1 , Guillermo R Risatti  1   2 , Dong-Hun Lee  1
Affiliations

Genomic Features of Salmonella enterica Subspecies houtenae Serotype 45:g,z51:- Isolated from Multiple Abdominal Abscesses of an African Fat-Tailed Gecko, United States, 2020

Ji-Yeon Hyeon et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae (S. houtenae) is a common subspecies in reptiles and has been implicated as a source of serious and life-threatening diseases in humans. Although occurrence and significance of S. houtenae infections have been extensively studied, the genetic features of S. houtenae have remained unknown due to a lack of available high-quality genome sequences. We obtained the complete genome sequence of S. houtenae 45:g,z51:- strain 20-369 isolated from multiple abdominal abscesses of an African fat-tailed gecko (Hemitheconyx caudicinctus) using Nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies and generated the 4.65Mbp complete genome sequence of the S. houtenae str. 20-369. We annotated and analyzed the genome sequence with the aim to gain a deeper understanding of the genome characteristics associated with its pathogenicity. Overall, this study found several interesting genomic features such as pseudogene formation, virulence gene profile, and novel genomic islands. This study provides basis for an understanding possible genetic mechanism underlying pathogenicity of S. houtenae 45:g,z51:- as well as a high-quality genome reference for future comparison studies.

Keywords: African fat-tailed gecko; Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae; complete genome sequence; reptile; whole genome sequencing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of 30 complete genomes of Salmonella spp., including strain 20-369, using SNP analysis. (a) The phylogeny was rooted at midpoint. (b) The phylogeny of Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae strains. The scale bars show the number of substitutions per site. The numerical values represent 1000 bootstrap replicate values above 0.9.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis of 30 complete genomes of Salmonella spp., including strain 20-369, using SNP analysis. (a) The phylogeny was rooted at midpoint. (b) The phylogeny of Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae strains. The scale bars show the number of substitutions per site. The numerical values represent 1000 bootstrap replicate values above 0.9.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Blast Ring Image Generator (BRIG) diagram showing the complete genomes of Salmonella spp. strains, with genome of strain 20-369 as a reference. The outer circle contains genomic island regions (black) and Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) (red) of strain 20-369. GC content is also shown in the figure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Virulence gene profile of 11 Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae strains including strain 20-369.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Lamas A., Miranda J.M., Regal P., Vazquez B., Franco C.M., Cepeda A. A comprehensive review of non-enterica subspecies of Salmonella enterica. Microbiol. Res. 2018;206:60–73. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.09.010. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Su L.H., Chiu C.H. Salmonella: Clinical importance and evolution of nomenclature. Chang. Gung. Med. J. 2007;30:210–219. - PubMed
    1. Chen H.M., Wang Y., Su L.H., Chiu C.H. Nontyphoid Salmonella infection: Microbiology, clinical features, and antimicrobial therapy. Pediatr. Neonatol. 2013;54:147–152. doi: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.01.010. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Editorial Team. Bertrand S., Rimhanen-Finne R., Weill F.X., Rabsch W., Thornton L., Perevoščikovs J., van Pelt W., Heck M. Salmonella infections associated with reptiles: The current situation in Europe. Eurosurveillance. 2008;13:18902. doi: 10.2807/ese.13.24.18902-en. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Abbott S.L., Ni F.C., Janda J.M. Increase in extraintestinal infections caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies II-IV. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2012;18:637–639. doi: 10.3201/eid1804.111386. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources