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. 2021 Oct 30;10(11):1327.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10111327.

Poly(lactic acid)/Zinc/Alginate Complex Material: Preparation and Antimicrobial Properties

Marcin H Kudzin  1 , Małgorzata Giełdowska  1 , Zdzisława Mrozińska  1 , Maciej Boguń  1
Affiliations

Poly(lactic acid)/Zinc/Alginate Complex Material: Preparation and Antimicrobial Properties

Marcin H Kudzin et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate an antimicrobial and degradable composite material consisting of melt-blown poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fabrics, alginate, and zinc. This paper describes the method of preparation and the characterization of the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of the new fibrous composite material. The procedure consists of fabrication of nonwoven fabric and two steps of dip-coating modification: (1) impregnation of nonwoven samples in the solution of alginic sodium salt and (2) immersion in a solution of zinc (II) chloride. The characterization and analysis of new material included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SSA), and total/average pore volume (BET). The polylactide/alginate/Zn fibrous composite were subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains, and the following fungal strains: Aspergillus niger van Tieghem and Chaetomium globosum. These results lay a technical foundation for the development and potential application of new composite as an antibacterial/antifungal material in biomedical areas.

Keywords: alginate; alginic acid; antibacterial activity; biodegradable composite; composite; melt-blown; nonwoven fabric; poly(lactide) PLA; polymer; zinc(II)chloride.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The reactions involved in the preparation of fibrous composite: PLA→PLA-ALG-Na(+) →PLA-ALG-Zn(2+). The structure of alginate is presented as a linear copolymer –[GM]n- with homopolymeric blocks of (1-4)-linked β-D-mannuronate (M) and its C-5 epimer α-L-guluronate (G) residues.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The reactions involved in the release of zinc ion from the PLA-ALG-Zn(2+) composite in an aqueous environment.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mineralization of PLA-Alg-Zn(2+).
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images of PLA, magnification: (a) 800× and (b) 1600×.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM images of PLA-ALG-Na(+), magnification: (a) 800× and (b) 1600×.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of PLA-ALG-Zn(2+), magnification: (a) 800× and (b) 1600×.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Example of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of PLA nonwoven fabric.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Example of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of PLA-ALG-Na(+).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Example of the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum of PLA-ALG-Zn(2+).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Contact angle images for: (a)—PLA, (b)—PLA-ALG-Na(+), (c)—PLA-ALG-Zn(2+).
Figure 11
Figure 11
The static water contact angle of PLA and its composites.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Zone of inhibition test results on Petri dishes showing antibacterial activity: (a,b)—E. coli; (c,d)—S. aureus; (a,c) Control: unmodified PLA nonwoven fabric, (b,d) Sample: PLA-ALG-Zn(2+).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Zone of inhibition test results on Petri dishes showing antifungal activity: (a,b)—A. niger; (c,d)—C. globosum; (a,c)—Control: unmodified PLA nonwoven fabric; (b,d)—Sample: PLA-ALG-Zn(2+) material.
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