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Review
. 2021 Nov 13;11(11):1689.
doi: 10.3390/biom11111689.

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as a Molecular Physiological and Pathological Biomarker

Abdelaziz Ghanemi  1   2 , Mayumi Yoshioka  1 , Jonny St-Amand  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as a Molecular Physiological and Pathological Biomarker

Abdelaziz Ghanemi et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is expressed in diverse tissues and plays roles in various biological functions and processes. Increased serum levels of SPARC or its gene overexpression have been reported following numerous physiological and pathological changes including injuries, exercise, regeneration, obesity, cancer, and inflammation. Such expression pattern interrelation between these biological changes and the SPARC expression/secretion points to it as a biomarker. This property could lead to a variety of potential applications ranging from mechanistic studies and animal model validation to the clinical and therapeutic evaluation of both disease prognosis and pharmacological agents.

Keywords: biomarker; expression; pathology; physiology; secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there are no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The overexpression of the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine gene, protein, or its increased blood concentration follow numerous physiological and pathological changes including exercise, obesity, cancer, injuries, and inflammation. Such interrelation between these biological changes and the secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression/secretion points to it as a biomarker with a variety of potential applications, ranging from mechanistic studies to the clinical and therapeutic evaluation of both disease prognosis and pharmacological agents.
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