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Review
. 2021 Nov 16;10(11):3198.
doi: 10.3390/cells10113198.

Interaction between Non-Coding RNAs and Androgen Receptor with an Especial Focus on Prostate Cancer

Mohammad Taheri  1   2 , Tayyebeh Khoshbakht  3 , Elena Jamali  4 , Julia Kallenbach  2 , Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard  5 , Aria Baniahmad  2
Affiliations
Review

Interaction between Non-Coding RNAs and Androgen Receptor with an Especial Focus on Prostate Cancer

Mohammad Taheri et al. Cells. .

Abstract

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has three functional domains, namely the N-terminal, DNA binding, and C-terminal domain. The N-terminal domain harbors potent transactivation functions, whereas the C-terminal domain binds to androgens and antiandrogens used to treat prostate cancer. AR has genomic activity being DNA binding-dependent or through interaction with other DNA-bound transcription factors, as well as a number of non-genomic, non-canonical functions, such as the activation of the ERK, AKT, and MAPK pathways. A bulk of evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs have functional interactions with AR. This type of interaction is implicated in the pathogenesis of human malignancies, particularly prostate cancer. In the current review, we summarize the available data on the role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs on the expression of AR and modulation of AR signaling, as well as the effects of AR on their expression. Recognition of the complicated interaction between non-coding RNAs and AR has practical importance in the design of novel treatment options, as well as modulation of response to conventional therapeutics.

Keywords: androgen receptor; circular RNAs; lncRNA; miRNA; prostate cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Several miRNAs have been shown to affect levels of androgen receptor (AR), thus influencing the progression of prostate cancer. Detailed information about these miRNAs is presented in Table 1. ( formula image reduction or inhibition of, formula image increased levels of, formula image decreased levels of).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of oncogenic miRNAs in progression of prostate cancer, through the modulation of AR signaling ( formula image increased levels of, formula image decreased levels of).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of lncRNAs on AR in prostate cancer ( formula image reduction or inhibition of, formula image increased levels of, formula image decreased levels of).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of AR on miRNAs expressions, in the context of prostate cancer. Detailed information about these miRNAs is shown in Table 6 ( formula image reduction or inhibition of, formula image increased levels of, formula image decreased levels of).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of AR on lncRNAs in prostate cancer ( formula image reduction or inhibition of, formula image increased levels of, formula image decreased levels of).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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