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. 2021 Oct 22;10(11):1369.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens10111369.

Coffee Pulp, a By-Product of Coffee Production, Modulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Syndrome in High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Nikhil S Bhandarkar  1 , Peter Mouatt  2 , Marwan E Majzoub  3 , Torsten Thomas  3 , Lindsay Brown  1 , Sunil K Panchal  1
Affiliations

Coffee Pulp, a By-Product of Coffee Production, Modulates Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Syndrome in High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Nikhil S Bhandarkar et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

Waste from food production can be re-purposed as raw material for usable products to decrease industrial waste. Coffee pulp is 29% of the dry weight of coffee cherries and contains caffeine, chlorogenic acid, trigonelline, diterpenes and fibre. We investigated the attenuation of signs of metabolic syndrome induced by high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet in rats by dietary supplementation with 5% freeze-dried coffee pulp for the final 8 weeks of a 16-week protocol. Coffee pulp decreased body weight, feed efficiency and abdominal fat; normalised systolic blood pressure, left ventricular diastolic stiffness, and plasma concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids; and improved glucose tolerance in rats fed high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. Further, the gut microbiota was modulated with high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet and coffee pulp supplementation and 14 physiological parameters were correlated with the changes in bacterial community structures. This study suggested that coffee pulp, as a waste from the coffee industry, is useful as a functional food for improving obesity-associated metabolic, cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and gut microbiota.

Keywords: chlorogenic acid; coffee pulp; gut microbiota; high-carbohydrate; high-fat; metabolic syndrome; obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Coffee pulp responses on heart and liver structure. Haematoxylin and eosin staining (×20) showing infiltration of inflammatory cells (“in”) and picrosirius red staining (×20) showing fibrosis (“fi”) in left ventricles from high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats (C,G) compared to corn starch diet-fed rats (A,E); corn starch diet-fed rats supplemented with coffee pulp (B,F); and high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats supplemented with coffee pulp (D,H). Haematoxylin and eosin staining (×20) showing enlarged fat vacuoles (“fv”) in livers from high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats (K) compared to corn starch diet-fed rats (I), corn starch diet-fed rats supplemented with coffee pulp (J) and high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats supplemented with coffee pulp (L).
Figure 2
Figure 2
nMDS plot of bacterial community structure of faecal samples. C, corn starch diet-fed rats; H, high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Taxonomic profiles of bacterial communities shown at the phylum level of all faecal samples.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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