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. 2021 Nov 11;12(11):1384.
doi: 10.3390/mi12111384.

A Nanoscale Structure Based on an MIM Waveguide Coupled with a Q Resonator for Monitoring Trace Element Concentration in the Human Body

Tingsong Li  1   2   3 , Shubin Yan  2   3 , Pengwei Liu  1 , Xiaoyu Zhang  1 , Yi Zhang  2 , Lifang Shen  2 , Yifeng Ren  1 , Ertian Hua  2   3
Affiliations

A Nanoscale Structure Based on an MIM Waveguide Coupled with a Q Resonator for Monitoring Trace Element Concentration in the Human Body

Tingsong Li et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, a nano-refractive index sensor is designed that consists of a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide with a stub-1 and an orthogon ring resonator (ORR) with a stub-2. The finite element method (FEM) was used to analyze the transmission characteristics of the system. We studied the cause and internal mechanism of Fano resonance, and optimized the transmission characteristics by changing various parameters of the structure. In our experimental data, the suitable sensitivity could reach 2260 nm/RIU with a figure of merit of 211.42. Furthermore, we studied the detection of the concentration of trace elements (such as Na+) of the structure in the human body, and its sensitivity reached 0.505 nm/mgdL-1. The structure may have other potential applications in sensors.

Keywords: Fano resonance; MIM; refractive index sensor; surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs); trace element concentration monitoring.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of the interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) 2D plan diagram of the structure; (b) 3D stereogram of the structure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a,b) 2D structure plan diagram of single stub and single ORRS; (c) Transmittance spectra of the single stub-1 structure (blue line), single ORRS structure (red line), and entire structure (green line).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Transmission spectra; (b,c) Diagram of the normalized magnetic field distribution at λ = 1110 nm and λ = 1880 nm, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Transmission spectra at disparate d values; (b) S changes under diverse d values; (c) Transmission spectra at disparate l values; (d) S changes under diverse l values.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Transmission spectra at disparate d values; (b) S changes under diverse d values; (c) Transmission spectra at disparate l values; (d) S changes under diverse l values.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) ORRS transmission spectra under different L values; (b) S changes under different L values; (c) FOM changes under different L values; (d) SPPS transmission spectra under different H values; (e) S changes under different H values; (f) FOM changes under different H values.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Transmission spectra at various angles; (b) S changes under different angles.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Transmission spectra at disparate coupling distances; (b) Transmission spectra for different height of stub-1.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Transmission spectra under diverse refractive indexes; (b) Transmission spectra under different concentra-tion; (c) Sensitivity variation diagram for different concentrations.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Transmission spectra of L; (b) Transmission spectra of H.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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