Anti-COVID Vaccination for Adolescents: A Survey on Determinants of Vaccine Parental Hesitancy

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy has been considered one of the most severe threats to global health, as it represents an obstacle to achieving adequate vaccination coverage. Recent research studies aimed at investigating the propensity for anti-COVID vaccination among adults have found a high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy, but few data are available on parental vaccine hesitancy. We therefore built an anonymous online survey to investigate the factors related to the vaccine hesitancy of parents of adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age, with a special focus on demographic factors and the domains of confidence and complacency. The online survey was conducted by using the Crowd Signal platform from 15 July to 16 August 2021, in Italy. A total of 1799 analyzable questionnaires were analyzed. Overall, Favorable and Doubtful parents declared a higher level of confidence on safety and efficacy of pediatric vaccines and on confidence in health institutions than Hesitant/Reluctant ones (p-values < 0.001). The univariate multinomial logistic regression analysis and the multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the Hesitant/Reluctant parents were younger than 40 years of age, with a secondary-school or three-year degree, free-lance, with a family income below €28,000, with an erroneous perception of the risk of COVID-19 as disease and with fear of anti-COVID vaccination. These results, which should be confirmed in a larger population and in different geographical areas, should lead Institutions and stakeholders to identify targeted communication tools to improve trust in health institutions, especially by younger parents.

Keywords: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; adolescents; pediatric infectious diseases; vaccine hesitancy.

Figure 1

Boxplot of concordance scores on confidence on vaccines and vaccinations. All p-values < 0.05 after Bonferroni adjustment.

Figure 2

Boxplot of concordance scores on perception of COVID-19. All p-values < 0.05 after Bonferroni adjustment.

Figure 3

Boxplot of concordance scores on risk perception, safety and propensity for anti-COVID vaccination for adolescents. All p-values < 0.05 after Bonferroni adjustment (excluded Q13.S7: no significant difference was found between Favorable and Doubtful, p = 0.15).

Figure 4

Boxplot of the Information Scores and the Fear Score. All p-values < 0.05 after Bonferroni adjustment.