Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Oct 21;11(11):2793.
doi: 10.3390/nano11112793.

Multi-Band Analogue Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in DoubleTuned Metamaterials

Wei Huang  1 , Ningye He  2   3 , Renxia Ning  2   3 , Zhenhai Chen  2   3
Affiliations

Multi-Band Analogue Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in DoubleTuned Metamaterials

Wei Huang et al. Nanomaterials (Basel). .

Abstract

A multi-band analogue electromagnetically induced transparency (A-EIT) metamaterial is proposed. The structure is composed of liquid crystal (LC) layer and a graphene strips layer on both sides of silicon dioxide. The transmission spectrum and electric field distribution of only one graphene strip and two graphene strips have been studied. As a bright mode, the graphene strip is coupled with adjacent graphene strip to realize the A-EIT effect. When multiple graphene strips are coupled with each other, the multi-band A-EIT is obtained due to the electric dipole resonances of the four strips. The results show that the multiband A-EIT effect can be tuned by voltage on LC and graphene layer, respectively. Moreover, changing the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave has had little influence on the transmission window in the low frequency band, it is meaning that the A-EIT effect with insensitive to the incident angle can be obtained. Each transmission window has a high maximum transmittance and figure of merit (FOM). The multi-band A-EIT effect can widen the application on sensor and optical storage devices.

Keywords: analogue electromagnetically induced transparency; graphene; liquid crystal; multi-band; tuned.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effective refractive index (neff) and permittivity (εeff) varied with rotation angle ϕ of liquid crystal.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The (a) real part and (b) imaginary part of effective permittivity of graphene varied with frequency.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The schematic illustration of our proposed EIT structure.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Transmission spectrum with different εLC.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Transmission spectrum with different voltage of the graphene.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) magnetic field distribution, (b) The transmission spectra, and (c–f) electric field distribution of transmission spectra on normal incidence.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Compared transmission spectra with different length graphene strips and (b) the whole structure.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a,c,e,g), (b,d,f) The electric field distribution of transmission spectra valleys of (a,c,e,g), transmission spectra peaks (b,d,f) in Figure 7b on normal incidence, respectivity.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Simulated transmission spectra of the proposed A-EIT structures with respect to the length of the graphene strip.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The transmission spectra under oblique incident angle θ.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Transmission spectrum at different refractive index n of the surrounding environment.
Figure 12
Figure 12
(a) Frequency shifting of fa, fc, fe, fg on n from 1.0 to 1.73, (b) FOM and Q varied with n from 1.0 to 1.73.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Bao L., Cui T.J. Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable metamaterials. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 2019;62:9–32. doi: 10.1002/mop.32164. - DOI
    1. Nemati A., Wang Q., Hong M., Teng J. Tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces and metadevices. Opto-Electron. Adv. 2018;1:18000901–18000925. doi: 10.29026/oea.2018.180009. - DOI
    1. Yin Z., Lu Y., Xia T., Lai W., Yang J., Lu H., Deng G. Electrically tunable terahertz dual-band metamaterial absorber based on a liquid crystal. RSC Adv. 2018;8:4197. doi: 10.1039/C7RA13047C. - DOI
    1. Li C., Wang J., Zhang T., Liu L., Ying X., Liu Z. Tunable Broadband Reflective Filter Based on a Graphene-Dielectric Multilayers. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2019;493:012068. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/493/1/012068. - DOI
    1. Sargazi M., Linford M.R., Kaykhaii M. Liquid Crystals in Analytical Chemistry: A Review. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2019;49:243–255. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1512399. - DOI - PubMed