Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Other Tests of Functional Capacity

Abstract

Purpose of review: Assessment of functional capacity is a cornerstone of preoperative risk assessment. While subjective clinician assessment of functional capacity is poorly predictive of postoperative outcomes, other objective functional assessment measures may provide more useful information.

Recent findings: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is generally accepted as the gold standard for functional capacity assessment. However, CPET is resource-intensive and not universally available. Simpler objective tests of functional capacity such as the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) are cheap and efficient. In addition, they predict important postoperative outcomes including death, disability, and myocardial infarction.

Summary: Simple preoperative tests such as the DASI may be useful for routine preoperative assessment. CPET may be helpful to investigate further patients with functional status limitation, and to guide prehabilitation and perioperative shared decision-making in high-risk patients.

Keywords: 6-min walk test; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; Duke Activity Status Index; Functional status assessment; Perioperative medicine; Risk assessment.