Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Nov 17;19(4):15593258211047651.
doi: 10.1177/15593258211047651. eCollection 2021 Oct-Dec.

Pterostilbene Inhibits the Melanogenesis Activity in UVB-Irradiated B164A5 Cells

Dayang Fredalina Basri  1 , Leong Chen Lew  2 , Raveena Vaidheswary Muralitharan  3 , Tava Shelan Nagapan  3 , Ahmad Rohi Ghazali  3
Affiliations

Pterostilbene Inhibits the Melanogenesis Activity in UVB-Irradiated B164A5 Cells

Dayang Fredalina Basri et al. Dose Response. .

Abstract

Pterostilbene is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. However, its chemopreventive effects via anti-tyrosinase activity and inhibitory effects on melanin content have not been reported previously. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the anti-melanogenic activity of pterostilbene on UVB-irradiated B164A5 mouse melanoma cells. The effects of pterostilbene and resveratrol on cell viability were determined by MTT assay, whereas melanin content and tyrosinase assay were employed to assess melanogenesis activity. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the tyrosinase expression. Based on the MTT assay, the IC50 value of pterostilbene on UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells was 34.0 ± 3.43 μM, in comparison to resveratrol (>100 μM). Next, 5 and 10 μM pterostilbene showed a significant dose-dependent inhibition (P < .01) of tyrosinase activity in UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells at 37.14 ± 2.71% and 58.36 ± 6.8%, respectively. The findings from the tyrosinase assay also confirmed the downregulation of tyrosinase expression in UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells as measured by Western blot analysis. Finally, 10 μM pterostilbene showed a significantly decreased melanin content (P < .01) in UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells, at 27.34 ± .98 μg/mL. In conclusion, pterostilbene showed anti-melanogenic activity that was 10 times more potent than resveratrol in the UVB-irradiated B164A5 cell.

Keywords: B164A5 cells; anti-melanogenic; melanin; phenolics; pterostilbene; tyrosinase.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Chemical structures of pterostilbene and resveratrol.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Cell viability of UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells after treatment with pterostilbene, resveratrol, and menadione at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 μM following 24 hours of treatment. The data are expressed as mean ± standard error mean based on 3 experiment replicates (n = 3). The IC50 value obtained for pterostilbene and menadione on UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells were 34.0 ± 3.43 μM and 18.0 ± 1.22 μM, respectively. No IC50 value was obtained for resveratrol on UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells.* Significant difference of cell viability percentage after treatment when compared to the negative control (P < .05) ** Significant difference of cell viability percentage after treatment when compared to the negative control (P < .01)
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Percentage of relative tyrosinase activity inhibition in UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells after treatment with pterostilbene (Pter) and resveratrol (Resv). The data are expressed as mean ± standard error mean based on 6 experiment replicates (n = 6). Treatment with 5 and 10 μM pterostilbene showed a significant difference compared to the negative control.** Significant difference for the percentage of relative tyrosinase activity inhibition after treatment when compared to the negative control (P < .01)a Significant difference for the percentage of relative tyrosinase activity inhibition after treatment when compared to the positive control (P < .01).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Protein bands of β-actin and tyrosinase from Western blot analysis using UVB-irradiated B164A5 cell lysate treated with pterostilbene (Pter) and resveratrol (Resv). The expression of tyrosinase protein was inhibited in UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells treated with 100 μM resveratrol and 10 μM pterostilbene for 24 hours. β-actin was used as a housekeeping protein.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Melanin content of UVB-irradiated B164A5 cells after treatment with pterostilbene (Pter) and resveratrol (Resv). The data are expressed as mean ± standard error mean based on 6 experiment replicates (n = 6). Treatment with 5 and 10 μM pterostilbene showed a significant difference compared to the negative control.** Significant difference of melanin content after treatment compared to the negative control (P < .01).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. D’Orazio J, Jarrett S, Amaro-Ortiz A, Scott T. UV radiation and the skin. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(6):12222-12248. doi:10.3390/ijms140612222 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Videira IFDS, Moura DFL, Magina S. Mechanisms regulating melanogenesis*. An Bras Dermatol. 2013;88(1):76-83. doi:10.1590/S0365-05962013000100009 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Choi M-H, Shin H-J. Anti-melanogenesis effect of quercetin. Cosmetics. 2016;3(2):18. doi:10.3390/cosmetics3020018 - DOI
    1. Hill HZ, Li W, Xin P, Mitchell DL. Melanin: a two edged sword? Pigm Cell Res. 1997;10(3):158-161. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1997.tb00478.x - DOI - PubMed
    1. Aoki Y, Tanigawa T, Abe H, Fujiwara Y. Melanogenesis inhibition by an oolong tea extract in B16 mouse melanoma cells and UV-induced skin pigmentation in brownish guinea pigs. Biosc Biotech Biochem. 2007;71(8):1879-1885. doi:10.1271/bbb.70099 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources