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. 2022 Mar;12(1):16-24.
doi: 10.1007/s44197-021-00016-2. Epub 2021 Nov 30.

Factors that Influence 2-Year Progression-Free Survival Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Cosphiadi Irawan  1 , Larangga Gempa Benbella  2 , Andhika Rachman  3 , Arif Mansjoer  4
Affiliations

Factors that Influence 2-Year Progression-Free Survival Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Cosphiadi Irawan et al. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Objectives: The majority of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) come to the hospital at advanced stages. This research was conducted to determine the mortality, 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and factors that influenced PFS of HNC patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among locally advanced HNC patients who underwent chemoradiation for the first time at RSCM from January 2015 to December 2017. Data were retrieved through medical records. Laboratory data were taken 2-4 weeks prior and 2-4 weeks after chemoradiation. PFS observation started from the first day of chemoradiation until disease progression or death. PFS data were recorded in two groups: ≤ 2 years and > 2 years. The Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis with the Fischer-exact test as an alternative. Variables will be further tested using multivariate logistic regression tests.

Results: Among 216 subjects, there were 103 (47.69%) patients who did not reach overall survival (OS) > 2 years. There were 108 (50%) patients who had PFS > 2 years. Based on the results of multivariate analysis, it was found that smoking, hemoglobin level ≤ 12 g/dl, ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) 1-2, and negative therapeutic response were associated with poor PFS. Hazard ratio (HR) for 2-year PFS for Brinkman index > 250 was 1.36 (95% CI 0.93-2.00; p = 0.02); HR for Hb ≤ 12 g/dl was 1.65 (95% CI 1.13-2.42; p = 0.01); HR for ECOG 1-2 was 4.05 (95% CI 1.49-11.00; p < 0.01); and HR for negative therapeutic response was 2.37 (95% CI 1.43-3.94; p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Mortality of HNC patients within 2 years is 47.69%, with a 2-year PFS reaching 50%. Cigarette smoking, low hemoglobin levels, poor performance status, and negative therapeutic response (non-responders) negatively affect the 2-year PFS.

Keywords: Factor; Head and neck cancer; Mortality; Progression-free survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study enrollment flow diagram. PFS: progression-free survival
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan–Meier curves for 2-year PFS of HNC patients. PFS progression-free survival, HNC head and neck cancer
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Kaplan–Meier curves for 2-year PFS of HNC patients with Brinkman index ≤ 250 and Brinkman index > 250. PFS progression-free survival, HNC head and neck cancer
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Kaplan–Meier curves for 2-year PFS of HNC patients with Hb > 12 g/dl and Hb ≤ 12 g/dl. PFS progression-free survival, HNC head and neck cancer; Hb: hemoglobin
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Kaplan–Meier curves for 2-year PFS of HNC patients with ECOG 0 and ECOG 1–2. PFS progression-free survival, HNC head and neck cancer, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Kaplan–Meier curves for 2-year PFS of HNC patients with responsive and unresponsive to therapy. PFS: progression-free survival; HNC head and neck cancer
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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