Train-the-Trainer as an Effective Approach to Building Global Networks of Experts in Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Abstract

Advanced genomics and sequencing technologies are increasingly becoming critical for global health applications such as pathogen and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. Limited resources challenge capacity development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with few countries having genomics facilities and adequately trained staff. Training research and public health experts who are directly involved in the establishment of such facilities offers an effective, but limited, solution to a growing need. Instead, training them to impart their knowledge and skills to others provides a sustainable model for scaling up the much needed capacity and capability for genomic sequencing and analysis locally with global impact. We designed and developed a Train-the-Trainer course integrating pedagogical aspects with genomic and bioinformatics activities. The course was delivered to 18 participants from 12 countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. A combination of teaching strategies culminating in a group project created a foundation for continued development at home institutions. Upon follow-up after 6 months, at least 40% of trainees had initiated training programs and collaborations to build capacity at local, national, and regional level. This work provides a framework for implementing a training and capacity building program for the application of genomics tools and resources in AMR surveillance.

Keywords: AMR surveillance; antimicrobial resistance; bioinformatics; genomics; train-the-trainer.

Figure 1.

Difference in sizes of key beneficiaries of training, between (a) conventional training courses, where a trainer (mortarboard hat) teaches participants that gain individual skills, which they then apply to their own data (audience is shown as people with books and laptops); and (b) Train-the-Trainer courses, where the trainer (mortarboard hat) teaches other trainers, who go on to teach more people (audience), and the final audience is larger.

Figure 2.

Structure of the course in time, with some modules run in parallel. Abbreviation: NGS, next-generation sequencing.