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Review
. 2021 Dec;74(10):1029-1039.

[Kidney transplant urinary complications. Diagnosis and treatment]

[Article in Spanish]
Cristina Ballesteros Ruiz  1 , Mario Álvarez-Maestro  1 , José María Alonso Dorrego  1 , Cristina De Castro Guerín  1 , Ramón Cansino Alcaide  1 , Diego M Carrión  1 , José Miguel Gómez de Vicente  1 , Alfredo Aguilera Bazán  1 , Luis Martínez Piñeiro  1
Affiliations
  • PMID: 34851317
Free article
Review

[Kidney transplant urinary complications. Diagnosis and treatment]

[Article in Spanish]
Cristina Ballesteros Ruiz et al. Arch Esp Urol. 2021 Dec.
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

There are different surgical techniques for reconstruction of the urinary tract in kidney transplant. However, urinary complications are frequent in the postoperative period, being the ureter the frequent location of these complications. This results in high health care costs, increasing patient morbimortality and sometimes graft loss. For this reason, prevention, correct diagnosis and treatment are important. The aim of this review is to describe the surgical techniques most commonly used in kidney transplant for ureteroneocystostomy. To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each of them and to compare their complications. On the other hand, we summarize the recent literature on the four most frequent urinary complications in the postoperative period after transplantation. The possible causes and treatment of urine leak, ureteri cobstruction, hematuria and vesicoureteral reflux are presented.

Existen diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para la reconstrucción del tracto urinario en el trasplante renal. Sin embargo es frecuente la aparición de complicaciones urinarias en el postoperatorio, siendo el uréterla localización frecuente de las mismas. Esto implica un alto gasto sanitario, aumentando la morbimortalidad del paciente y pudiendo llegar a desencadenar la pérdida del injerto. Por ello es importante la prevención, el correcto diagnóstico y su tratamiento. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las técnicas quirúrgicas más usadas en el trasplante renal para la ureteroneocistostomía. Analizar las ventajas y desventajas de cada una de ellas y comparar sus complicaciones. Por otro lado se resume la literatura reciente sobre las cuatro complicaciones urinarias más frecuentes en el postoperatorio del trasplante. Se exponen las posibles causas y tratamiento de la fuga urinaria, la obstrucción ureteral, la hematuria y el reflujo ureterovesical.

Keywords: Cystostomy; Estenosis ureteral; Fuga urinaria; Hematuria; Reflujo vesicoureteral; Renal transplant; Trasplante renal; Ureteral stricture; Ureteroneocistostomía; Urinary leak; Vesicoureteral reflux.

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