Hypersensitivity Reactions to Vaccines: Current Evidence and Standards for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
- PMID: 34851819
- DOI: 10.20344/amp.16096
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Vaccines: Current Evidence and Standards for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Abstract
The first reports of hypersensitivity reactions following the rollout of COVID-19 vaccination programs have raised public concern. Given the recent availability and novel mechanisms of COVID-19 vaccines, there is limited data on possible hypersensitivity reactions. Although it seems rare, the incidence of anaphylaxis for approved COVID-19 vaccines has been suggested as being higher when compared to previous vaccines. Adequate risk assessment, recognition, classification, and management of hypersensitivity reactions is crucial to ensure safe immunization and avoid misinformation and vaccine hesitancy. In this review, we present an overview of the types of hypersensitivity reactions that can potentially occur due to vaccination and the possible allergenic components of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as a suggestion for causality and risk assessment for the BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 and AZD1222 vaccines.
Após o início dos programas de vacinação contra a COVID-19, os primeiros relatos de reações de hipersensibilidade suscitaram alguma preocupação. Dada a recente disponibilidade e os novos mecanismos das vacinas contra a COVID-19, existem poucos dados relativos a possíveis reações de hipersensibilidade. A incidência de anafilaxia às vacinas COVID-19 parece ser mais elevada comparativamente a vacinas anteriores, embora seja igualmente rara. Uma avaliação adequada dos riscos, reconhecimento, classificação e correta abordagem das reações de hipersensibilidade é crucial para garantir uma imunização segura e evitar desinformação e hesitação na vacinação. Nesta revisão, apresentamos uma visão geral das potenciais reações de hipersensibilidade que podem ocorrer após a vacinação com as vacinas BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 e AZD1222, os seus possíveis constituintes alergénicos, bem como uma sugestão de avaliação do risco em doentes alérgicos e causalidade.
Keywords: Anaphylaxis; COVID-19 Vaccines; Hypersensitivity; SARS-CoV-2.
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