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. 2021 Dec 1;16(12):e0260470.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260470. eCollection 2021.

The impact of different plant extracts on population suppression of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) yield under field conditions

Shahbaz Ali  1   2 , Yunzhou Li  1 , Inzamam Ul Haq  3 , Waseem Abbas  4 , Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir  5 , Muhammad Musa Khan  6 , Mehmet Mamay  7 , Yasir Niaz  2 , Tahir Farooq  5 , Milan Skalicky  8 , Ali Tan Kee Zuan  9 , Omaima Nasif  10 , Mohamad Javed Ansari  11
Affiliations

The impact of different plant extracts on population suppression of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) yield under field conditions

Shahbaz Ali et al. PLoS One. .

Retraction in

Abstract

Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is a destructive pest of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) crop in Pakistan. Although insecticides are the primary management strategy used to control H. armigera, most of them are not effective due to considerable toxic residual effects on the fruits. Nonetheless, H. armigera is rapidly evolving resistance against the available pesticides for its management. This situation calls upon the need of alternative management options against the pest. Different plant extracts have been suggested as a viable, environment-friendly option for plant protection with minimal side effects. Furthermore, the plant extracts could also manage the insect species evolving resistance against pesticides. This study evaluated the efficacy of different plant extracts (i.e., Neem seed, turmeric, garlic and marsh pepper) against H. armigera. Furthermore, the impact of the plant extracts on growth and yield of tomato crop was also tested under field conditions. The results revealed that all plant extracts resulted in higher mortality of H. armigera compared to control. Similarly, the highest plant height was observed for the plants treated with the plant extracts compared to untreated plants. Moreover, the highest tomato yield was observed in plants treated with plant extracts, especially with neem seed (21.013 kg/plot) followed by pepper extract (19.25 kg/plot), and garlic extract 18.4 kg/plot) compared to the untreated plants (8.9 kg/plot). It is concluded that plant extracts can be used as eco-friendly approaches for improving tomato yield and resistance management of H. armigera.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. The impact of different plant extracts on plant height (cm) and yield (kg/plot) of tomato plants.
The values are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Population reduction percentage of H. armigera larvae in first round of spray at 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT) on tomato plants treated with foliar application of various plant extracts.
The values are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Population reduction percentage of H. armigera larve in second round of spray at 3 and 7 days after treatment (DAT) on tomato plants treated with foliar application of various plant extracts.
The values are means ± SD (n = 3). Different lower-case letters on bars indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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