GJ 367b: A dense, ultrashort-period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star

Kristine W F Lam^#^{1

2}, Szilárd Csizmadia^#², Nicola Astudillo-Defru³, Xavier Bonfils⁴, Davide Gandolfi⁵, Sebastiano Padovan^{2

6}, Massimiliano Esposito⁷, Coel Hellier⁸, Teruyuki Hirano⁹, John Livingston¹⁰, Felipe Murgas^{11

12}, Alexis M S Smith², Karen A Collins¹³, Savita Mathur^{11

12}, Rafael A Garcia^{14

15}, Steve B Howell¹⁶, Nuno C Santos^{17

18}, Fei Dai¹⁹, George R Ricker²⁰, Roland Vanderspek²⁰, David W Latham¹³, Sara Seager^{20

21

22}, Joshua N Winn²³, Jon M Jenkins¹⁶, Simon Albrecht²⁴, Jose M Almenara⁴, Etienne Artigau⁴, Oscar Barragán²⁵, François Bouchy²⁶, Juan Cabrera⁴, David Charbonneau¹³, Priyanka Chaturvedi⁷, Alexander Chaushev¹, Jessie L Christiansen²⁷, William D Cochran²⁸, José R De Meideiros²⁹, Xavier Delfosse⁴, Rodrigo F Díaz³⁰, René Doyon³¹, Philipp Eigmüller², Pedro Figueira^{17

32}, Thierry Forveille⁴, Malcolm Fridlund^{33

34}, Guillaume Gaisné⁴, Elisa Goffo^{5

7}, Iskra Georgieva³³, Sascha Grziwa³⁵, Eike Guenther⁷, Artie P Hatzes⁷, Marshall C Johnson³⁶, Petr Kabáth³⁷, Emil Knudstrup²⁴, Judith Korth^{35

38}, Pablo Lewin³⁹, Jack J Lissauer^{16

40}, Christophe Lovis²⁶, Rafael Luque^{11

12}, Claudio Melo³², Edward H Morgan²⁰, Robert Morris^{16

41}, Michel Mayor²⁶, Norio Narita^{11

42

43

44}, Hannah L M Osborne⁴⁵, Enric Palle^{11

12}, Francesco Pepe²⁶, Carina M Persson³³, Samuel N Quinn¹³, Heike Rauer^{1

2

46}, Seth Redfield⁴⁷, Joshua E Schlieder⁴⁸, Damien Ségransan²⁶, Luisa M Serrano⁵, Jeffrey C Smith^{16

41}, Ján Šubjak^{37

49}, Joseph D Twicken^{16

41}, Stéphane Udry²⁶, Vincent Van Eylen⁴⁵, Michael Vezie²⁰

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, 10585 Berlin, Germany.
² Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
³ Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
⁴ Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
⁶ WorkGroup Solutions GmbH at European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
⁷ Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany.
⁸ Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
⁹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
¹² Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
¹³ Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA.
¹⁴ Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Universe, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
¹⁵ Astrophysique, Instrumentation et modélisation, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Centre National de la recherche scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
¹⁶ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
¹⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciênciasdo Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal.
¹⁸ Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
¹⁹ Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
²⁰ Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²¹ Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²² Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²³ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
²⁴ Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
²⁵ Subdepartment of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK.
²⁶ Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
²⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA.
²⁸ Center for Planetary Systems Habitability and McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
²⁹ Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
³⁰ International Center for Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología - Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³¹ Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplantes, Dpartement de Physique, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
³² European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.
³³ Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden.
³⁴ Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.
³⁵ Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, D-50931 Köln, Germany.
³⁶ Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USA.
³⁷ Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic.
³⁸ Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasma Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
³⁹ The Maury Lewin Astronomical Observatory, Glendora, CA, USA.
⁴⁰ Geological Sciences Department, Stanford University, CA, USA.
⁴¹ Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA.
⁴² Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴³ Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴⁴ Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴⁵ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.
⁴⁶ Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
⁴⁷ Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA.
⁴⁸ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
⁴⁹ Astronomical Institute of Charles University, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 34855492
DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3253

Free article

GJ 367b: A dense, ultrashort-period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star

Kristine W F Lam et al. Science. 2021.

Free article

. 2021 Dec 3;374(6572):1271-1275.

doi: 10.1126/science.aay3253. Epub 2021 Dec 2.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, 10585 Berlin, Germany.
² Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
³ Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
⁴ Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, I-10125, Torino, Italy.
⁶ WorkGroup Solutions GmbH at European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany.
⁷ Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany.
⁸ Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
⁹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
¹¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
¹² Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
¹³ Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA, USA.
¹⁴ Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Universe, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
¹⁵ Astrophysique, Instrumentation et modélisation, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Centre National de la recherche scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
¹⁶ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
¹⁷ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciênciasdo Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal.
¹⁸ Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
¹⁹ Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
²⁰ Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²¹ Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²² Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
²³ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
²⁴ Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
²⁵ Subdepartment of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK.
²⁶ Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
²⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA.
²⁸ Center for Planetary Systems Habitability and McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
²⁹ Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
³⁰ International Center for Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología - Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Campus Miguelete, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
³¹ Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplantes, Dpartement de Physique, Universit de Montral, Montral, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada.
³² European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.
³³ Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden.
³⁴ Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands.
³⁵ Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, D-50931 Köln, Germany.
³⁶ Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA, USA.
³⁷ Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic.
³⁸ Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasma Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
³⁹ The Maury Lewin Astronomical Observatory, Glendora, CA, USA.
⁴⁰ Geological Sciences Department, Stanford University, CA, USA.
⁴¹ Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA.
⁴² Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴³ Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴⁴ Astrobiology Center, Tokyo, Japan.
⁴⁵ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK.
⁴⁶ Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany.
⁴⁷ Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA.
⁴⁸ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
⁴⁹ Astronomical Institute of Charles University, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 34855492
DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3253

Abstract

Ultrashort-period (USP) exoplanets have orbital periods shorter than 1 day. Precise masses and radii of USP exoplanets could provide constraints on their unknown formation and evolution processes. We report the detection and characterization of the USP planet GJ 367b using high-precision photometry and radial velocity observations. GJ 367b orbits a bright (V-band magnitude of 10.2), nearby, and red (M-type) dwarf star every 7.7 hours. GJ 367b has a radius of 0.718 ± 0.054 Earth-radii and a mass of 0.546 ± 0.078 Earth-masses, making it a sub-Earth planet. The corresponding bulk density is 8.106 ± 2.165 grams per cubic centimeter—close to that of iron. An interior structure model predicts that the planet has an iron core radius fraction of 86 ± 5%, similar to that of Mercury’s interior.

PubMed Disclaimer

Publication types

Actions

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

GJ 367b: A dense, ultrashort-period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star

Affiliations

GJ 367b: A dense, ultrashort-period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources