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. 2022 Mar 1;74(3):328-332.
doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000003362.

Celiac Disease: Risk of Hepatitis B Infection

Nawras Habash  1 , Rok Seon Choung  2 , Robert M Jacobson  3 , Joseph A Murray  2 , Imad Absah  1   2
Affiliations

Celiac Disease: Risk of Hepatitis B Infection

Nawras Habash et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. .

Abstract

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination and the risk of HBV infection in patients with celiac disease (CD).

Patients and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2009-2014) to assess the rate of HBV vaccination, immune response, and HBV infection risk in patients with and without CD. We also determined the rate of HBV infection via retrospective analysis of two cohorts: patients seen at Mayo Clinic (1998-2021), and a stable longitudinally observed cohort, the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP; 2010-2020).

Results: Based on the NHANES data, the rate of HBV infection in the United States was 0.33% (95% confidence interval 0.25-0.41). Of 93 patients with CD, 46 (49%) were vaccinated for HBV and of the remaining 19,422 without CD, 10,228 (53%) were vaccinated. Twenty-two (48%) vaccinated patients with CD had HBV immunity and 4405 (43.07%) vaccinated patients without CD had HBV immunity, which was not statistically different. In NHANES data, there were no cases of HBV infection in patients with CD. During the study period, 3568 patients with CD were seen at Mayo Clinic and 3918 patients with CD were identified using the REP database. Of those patients with CD, only four (0.11%) at Mayo Clinic and nine (0.23%) of the REP patients had HBV infection.

Conclusion: The rate of HBV vaccination and immunity was similar in individuals with and without CD. Predictably, no increased risk of HBV infection was detected in CD patients. These results do not support screening and revaccination practice for HBV immunity in patients with CD within the United States.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr Jacobson serves as a member of two safety review committees for post-licensure safety studies of human papillomavirus vaccines conducted by Merck & Co. and a member of an external data monitoring committee for a series of trials of a novel pneumococcal conjugate vaccine also conducted by Merck & Co. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.

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