Nutrition in Kidney Disease: Core Curriculum 2022

Abstract

As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the requirements and utilization of different nutrients change substantially. These changes are accompanied by multiple nutritional and metabolic abnormalities that are observed in the continuum of kidney disease. To provide optimal care to patients with CKD, it is essential to have an understanding of the applicable nutritional principles: methods to assess nutritional status, establish patient-specific dietary needs, and prevent or treat potential or ongoing nutritional deficiencies and derangements. This installment of AJKD's Core Curriculum in Nephrology provides current information on these issues for the practicing clinician and allied health care workers and features basic, practical information on epidemiology, assessment, etiology, and prevention and management of nutritional considerations in patients with kidney disease. Specific emphasis is made on dietary intake and recommendations for dietary patterns, and macro- and micronutrients. In addition, special conditions such as acute kidney injury and approaches to obesity treatment are reviewed.

Keywords: Acute kidney injury (AKI); appetite stimulants; chronic kidney disease (CKD); dietary intake; dietary pattern; end-stage renal disease (ESRD); medical nutrition therapy (MNT); metabolic derangement; nutraceuticals; nutritional supplementation; obesity; protein-energy wasting (PEW); review.