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Comparative Study
. 2022;85(2):691-699.
doi: 10.3233/JAD-215061.

A Comparison of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and BPSD Sub-Syndromes in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Natalia Altomari  1 , Francesco Bruno  2 , Valentina Laganà  2 , Nicoletta Smirne  2 , Rosanna Colao  2 , Sabrina Curcio  2 , Raffaele Di Lorenzo  2 , Francesca Frangipane  2 , Raffaele Maletta  2 , Gianfranco Puccio  2 , Amalia Cecilia Bruni  2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

A Comparison of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and BPSD Sub-Syndromes in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Natalia Altomari et al. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022.

Abstract

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) have a large impact on the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Few studies have compared BPSD between early-onset (EOAD) and late-onset (LOAD) patients, finding conflicting results.

Objective: The aims of this study were to: 1) characterize the presence, overall prevalence, and time of occurrence of BPSD in EOAD versus LOAD; 2) estimate the prevalence over time and severity of each BPSD in EOAD versus LOAD in three stages: pre-T0 (before the onset of the disease), T0 (from onset to 5 years), and T1 (from 5 years onwards); 3) track the manifestation of BPSD sub-syndromes (i.e., hyperactivity, psychosis, affective, and apathy) in EOAD versus LOAD at T0 and T1.

Methods: The sample includes 1,538 LOAD and 387 EOAD diagnosed from 1996 to 2018. Comprehensive assessment batteries, including the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were administered at the first medical assessment and at different follow-up period.

Results: The overall prevalence for the most of BPSD was significantly higher in EOAD compared to LOAD whereas most BPSD appeared significantly later in EOAD patients. Between the two groups, from pre-T0 to T1 we recorded a different pattern of BPSD prevalence over time as well as for BPSD sub-syndromes at T0 and T1. Results on severity of BPSD did not show significant differences.

Conclusion: EOAD and LOAD represent two different forms of a single entity not only from a neuropathological, cognitive, and functional level but also from a psychiatric point of view.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; BPSD sub-syndromes; Neuropsychiatric Inventory; behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD); early-onset Alzheimer’s disease; late-onset Alzheimer’s disease; prevalence; prevalence over time; time of occurrence.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors’ disclosures available online (https://www.j-alz.com/manuscript-disclosures/21-5061r1).

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
BPSD time occurrence in EOAD and LOAD groups.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
BPSD subsyndromes Prevalence at T0 and T1 in EOAD and LOAD groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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