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. 2021 Nov 12:8:713296.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.713296. eCollection 2021.

Effects of Mental Training Through Imagery on the Competitive Anxiety of Adolescent Tennis Players Fasting During Ramadan: A Randomized, Controlled Experimental Study

Sofien Fekih  1   2   3 , Mohamed Sami Zguira  3   4 , Abdessalem Koubaa  1   5 , Anouar Bettaieb  6 , Jamel Hajji  1 , Nicola Luigi Bragazzi  7   8   9 , Mohamed Jarraya  3   5
Affiliations

Effects of Mental Training Through Imagery on the Competitive Anxiety of Adolescent Tennis Players Fasting During Ramadan: A Randomized, Controlled Experimental Study

Sofien Fekih et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effects of mental training through imagery on the competitive anxiety of adolescent tennis players fasting during Ramadan. This is an experimental study conducted with 38 male tennis players, randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental group (EG, n = 18), aged 16.9 ± 0.6 years, and a control group (CG, n = 20), aged 16.7 ± 0.8 years. The study was designed as a randomized, controlled experimental trial (registration code PACTR 202006847771700). CG watched historical videos of the Olympics, while EG performed mental training. The competitive anxiety state assessment was recorded four times. The first measurement was carried out 1 week before Ramadan, the second measurement during the first week of the month, the third measurement at the end of the second week, and, finally, the fourth measurement during the fourth week of Ramadan. Our results revealed a significant interaction (time × groups) for all competitive anxiety subscales. Higher intensity and direction scores for the cognitive and somatic anxiety subscales during Ramadan compared with before Ramadan for both groups could be reported at P < 0.001. Higher intensity and direction scores for the cognitive and somatic anxiety subscales during Ramadan compared with pre-Ramadan for both groups could be found at P < 0.01. This increase in scores was greater for the CG than for the EG in the middle and at the end of Ramadan at P < 0.001. Finally, for the self-confidence subscale score, results revealed that intensity and direction scores were lower during Ramadan compared with pre-Ramadan for the two groups at P < 0.01. The score for the intensity of self-confidence was higher for the EG compared with the CG at the end of Ramadan at P < 0.001. It was concluded that mental imagery training was effective in reducing anxiety (cognitive and somatic) and increasing self-confidence in the intensity dimension of adolescent tennis players who fast during Ramadan.

Keywords: Ramadan fasting; cognitive and somatic anxiety; direction; intensity; mental imagery training; self-confidence; sport psychology; tennis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer KT declared a shared affiliation, with several of the authors SF, MZ, AK, AB, JH, and MJ to the handling editor at the time of the review.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Experimental protocol adopted in the present study. CSAI-2R, The Tunisian version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (24).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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