The effect of exercise on patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the modulation of inflammation

Abstract

A healthy lifestyle is critical to maintaining safety and preventing rheumatic disease before reaching old age. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune and systemic illness involving joint changes, including inflammation, joint pain, tiredness, elevated risk of developing coronary and heart disease, and rapid loss of muscle mass. The role of exercise in improving the inflammatory pattern has tended to focus on the latest research. However, some physical activities represent a non-pharmacological treatment strategy due to their many benefits, such as improved muscle mass, strength, and efficiency, especially in patients with RA. During exercise, skeletal muscle releases myokines, triggering a direct anti-inflammatory effect with each activity or enhancing comorbidity. The level of inflammatory biomarkers, such as tumour necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, is significantly lower for athletes and patients with RA who exercise regularly. However, understanding the precise roles of some environmental and genetic factors can help to prevent rheumatic disorders. This review highlights the influence of exercise and training on the inflammatory module in patients with rheumatic disease. More detailed data is needed to clarify the benefits of exercise in the context of RA and inflammation.