Current pharmacotherapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, several antibiotics are active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and can be used for the treatment of pneumonia. They show great variability in terms of antibiotic class, indication, pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic properties, type of available formulations, spectrum of activity against bacteria other than MRSA, and toxicity profile.

Areas covered: In this narrative review, the authors discuss the characteristics of currently available agents for the treatment of MRSA pneumonia.

Expert opinion: The availability of different agents with anti-MRSA activity, and approved for the treatment of pneumonia can allow a personalized approach for any given patient based on the severity of the disease, the setting of occurrence, the patient's baseline risk of toxicity and drug interactions, and the possibility of oral therapy whenever early discharge or outpatient treatment are possible. Although some gray areas still remain, like the lack of high certainty evidence on the efficacy of some old agents and on the precise role of companion agents with toxin inhibitory activity in the case of necrotizing pneumonia, the frequent availability of different treatment choices, each with peculiar characteristics, is already allowing an important step toward a precision medicine approach for the treatment of MRSA pneumonia.

Keywords: Linezolid; ceftaroline; ceftobiprole; clindamycin; delafloxacin; lefamulin; minocycline; omadacycline; rifampin; vancomycin.