Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Dec 1;13(23):4211.
doi: 10.3390/polym13234211.

Functional Properties of Kenaf Bast Fibre Anhydride Modification Enhancement with Bionanocarbon in Polymer Nanobiocomposites

Samsul Rizal  1 , Abdul Khalil H P S  2   3 , E M Mistar  2 , Niyi Gideon Olaiya  4 , Umar Muksin  5 , Marwan Marwan  6 , Ikramullah  1 , A B Suriani  3 , C K Abdullah  2 , Tata Alfatah  2
Affiliations

Functional Properties of Kenaf Bast Fibre Anhydride Modification Enhancement with Bionanocarbon in Polymer Nanobiocomposites

Samsul Rizal et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The miscibility between hydrophilic biofibre and hydrophobic matrix has been a challenge in developing polymer biocomposite. This study investigated the anhydride modification effect of propionic and succinic anhydrides on Kenaf fibre's functional properties in vinyl ester bionanocomposites. Bionanocarbon from oil palm shell agricultural wastes enhanced nanofiller properties in the fibre-matrix interface via the resin transfer moulding technique. The succinylated fibre with the addition of the nanofiller in vinyl ester provided great improvement of the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 92.47 ± 1.19 MPa, 108.34 ± 1.40 MPa, and 8.94 ± 0.12 kJ m-2, respectively than the propionylated fibre. The physical, morphological, chemical structural, and thermal properties of bionanocomposites containing 3% bionanocarbon loading showed better enhancement properties. This enhancement was associated with the effect of the anhydride modification and the nanofiller's homogeneity in bionanocarbon-Kenaf fibre-vinyl ester bonding. It appears that Kenaf fibre modified with propionic and succinic anhydrides incorporated with bionanocarbon can be successfully utilised as reinforcing materials in vinyl ester matrix.

Keywords: Kenaf fibre; anhydride modification; bionanocarbon; bionanocomposites; reinforcing material; vinyl ester.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic reaction of anhydride modification on Kenaf fibre.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Weight percent gain of anhydride modification on Kenaf fibre with different reaction temperatures and different retention times.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM micrograph of anhydride modification on Kenaf fibre at 100 °C with different retention times.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Characterisation of unmodified and anhydrides modified Kenaf fibre (a) FT-IR, (b) contact angle, and (c) thermal analysis.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Characterisation of bionanocarbon (a) FT-IR analysis, (b) TEM, (c) particle size distribution, (d) zeta potential distribution, and (e) TGA.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FT-IR analysis of (a) VE, (b) VE/UK, (c) VE/PK/NC0, (d) VE/PK/NC1, (e) VE/PK/NC3, (f), VE/PK/NC5, (g) VE/SK/NC0, (h)VE/SK/NC1, (i) VE/SK/NC3, and (j) VE/SK/NC5.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Void content and density of nanocomposite.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chemical resistance properties of nanocomposites (a) acids resistance, (b) alkalis résistance, and (c) solvents resistance.
Figure 9
Figure 9
FESEM micrographs of tensile fracture sample of (a) VE, (b) VE/UK, (c) VE/PK/NC0, (d) VE/PK/NC1, (e) VE/PK/NC3, (f), VE/PK/NC5, (g) VE/SK/NC0, (h)VE/SK/NC1, (i) VE/SK/NC3, and (j) VE/SK/NC5.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Thermal properties of (a) TGA profile of propionylated fibre nanocomposite, (b) DTG profile of propionylated fibre nanocomposite, (c) TGA profile of succinylated fibre nanocomposite, (d) DTG profile of succinylated fibre nanocomposite, and decomposition temperature and mass loss data of the nanocomposite.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bari E., Sistani A., Morrell J.J., Pizzi A., Akbari M.R., Ribera J. Current Strategies for the Production of Sustainable Biopolymer Composites. Polymers. 2021;13:2878. doi: 10.3390/polym13172878. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weiland K., Jones M.P., Zinsser F., Kontturi E., Mautner A., Bismarck A. Grow it yourself composites: Delignification and hybridisation of lignocellulosic material using animals and fungi. Green Chem. 2021;23:7506–7514. doi: 10.1039/D1GC01835C. - DOI
    1. Merino D., Simonutti R., Perotto G., Athanassiou A. Direct transformation of industrial vegetable waste into bioplastic composites intended for agricultural mulch films. Green Chem. 2021;23:5956–5971. doi: 10.1039/D1GC01316E. - DOI
    1. Le Phuong H.A., Ayob N.A.I., Blanford C.F., Rawi N.F.M., Szekely G. Nonwoven Membrane Supports from Renewable Resources: Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019;7:11885–11893. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02516. - DOI
    1. Sapiai N., Jumahat A., Jawaid M., Midani M., Khan A. Tensile and Flexural Properties of Silica Nanoparticles Modified Unidirectional Kenaf and Hybrid Glass/Kenaf Epoxy Composites. Polymers. 2020;12:2733. doi: 10.3390/polym12112733. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources