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Review
. 2021 Dec 2;13(23):4234.
doi: 10.3390/polym13234234.

Past and Current Progress in the Development of Antiviral/Antimicrobial Polymer Coating towards COVID-19 Prevention: A Review

Nazihah Nasri  1 , Arjulizan Rusli  1 , Naozumi Teramoto  2 , Mariatti Jaafar  1 , Ku Marsilla Ku Ishak  1 , Mohamad Danial Shafiq  1 , Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid  1
Affiliations
Review

Past and Current Progress in the Development of Antiviral/Antimicrobial Polymer Coating towards COVID-19 Prevention: A Review

Nazihah Nasri et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The astonishing outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, known as COVID-19, has attracted numerous research interests, particularly regarding fabricating antimicrobial surface coatings. This initiative is aimed at overcoming and minimizing viral and bacterial transmission to the human. When contaminated droplets from an infected individual land onto common surfaces, SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is able to survive on various surfaces for up to 9 days. Thus, the possibility of virus transmission increases after touching or being in contact with contaminated surfaces. Herein, we aim to provide overviews of various types of antiviral and antimicrobial coating agents, such as antimicrobial polymer-based coating, metal-based coating, functional nanomaterial, and nanocomposite-based coating. The action mode for each type of antimicrobial agent against pathogens is elaborated. In addition, surface properties of the designed antiviral and antimicrobial polymer coating with their influencing factors are discussed in this review. This paper also exhibits several techniques on surface modification to improve surface properties. Various developed research on the development of antiviral/antimicrobial polymer coating to curb the COVID-19 pandemic are also presented in this review.

Keywords: COVID-19; antimicrobial; antiviral; coating; nanoparticles; polymer coating properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of various antimicrobial agents/materials for development of antimicrobial surface coating.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antimicrobial mechanism of cationic polymer on bacterial cell membrane. (i) Adsorption of cationic polymer onto bacterial cell membrane via electrostatic interaction and (ii) insertion of cationic polymer into phospholipid membrane bilayer causing translocation of anionic lipids and leading to cell burst.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Several synthesis reactions for quaternized chitosan derivatives: (a) Direct quatenization of chitosan producing TMC, (b) N-alkylation of TMC, and (c) epoxy-derivative ring-opening producing N-((2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl) chitosan chloride (HTCC).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Synthesis of P(DMAEMA-co-MMA), an amphiphilic copolymer from hydrophilic DMMAEMA monomer and hydrophobic MMA monomer.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mechanism of surfactants for inactivating virus.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Antimicrobial mechanism of copper ions through ROS production and metal donor atom selectivity.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Antiviral mechanism of metal nanoparticles during virus infection.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Three different interfacial boundaries’ contact line for water contact angle.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Contact angle of the liquid droplet between (a) hydrophilic surface and (b) hydrophobic surface.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Wetting of liquid droplets on rough surfaces. (a) Wenzel model and (b) Cassie–Baxter model.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Plasma surface treatment changing surface morphology and functional group formation on the treated surface.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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