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. 2021 Dec 1;21(23):8046.
doi: 10.3390/s21238046.

High Accuracy Weigh-In-Motion Systems for Direct Enforcement

Piotr Burnos  1 , Janusz Gajda  1 , Ryszard Sroka  1 , Monika Wasilewska  2 , Cezary Dolega  3
Affiliations

High Accuracy Weigh-In-Motion Systems for Direct Enforcement

Piotr Burnos et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In many countries, work is being conducted to introduce Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems intended for continuous and automatic control of gross vehicle weight. Such systems are also called WIM systems for direct enforcement (e-WIM). The achievement of introducing e-WIM systems is conditional on ensuring constant, known, and high-accuracy dynamic weighing of vehicles. WIM systems weigh moving vehicles, and on this basis, they estimate static parameters, i.e., static axle load and gross vehicle weight. The design and principle of operation of WIM systems result in their high sensitivity to many disturbing factors, including climatic factors. As a result, weighing accuracy fluctuates during system operation, even in the short term. The article presents practical aspects related to the identification of factors disturbing measurement in WIM systems as well as methods of controlling, improving and stabilizing the accuracy of weighing results. Achieving constant high accuracy in weighing vehicles in WIM systems is a prerequisite for their use in the direct enforcement mode. The research results presented in this paper are a step towards this goal.

Keywords: Weigh-In-Motion; direct enforcement; e-WIM systems; high accuracy WIM systems.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 8
Figure 8
Influence of the speed of the weighed vehicle on the error of its weighing, for the locations Grodziec and Kochanow. The surface temperature was in the range 10–15 °C (Grodziec) and 15–20 °C (Kochanow).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Influence of wind direction on weighing error for the Grodziec location. The surface temperature was in the range (10–15 °C) and the speed of the weighed vehicles was in the range of (80–85 km/h).
Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram of sensor installation in WIM systems: (a) basic system configuration, (b) extensive system configuration, where: 1—inductive loops, 2—linear pressure sensors, 4—weather station, 5—3D scanners, 6—side cameras, 7—integrated temperature and surface condition sensors, 8—viewing cameras.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of the gross vehicle weight of 756 trucks (2-axle tractor + 3-axle semitrailer) for data from the Kochanow system.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Histograms of the first axle load of all trucks 2-axle tractor + 3-axle semitrailer and vehicles selected as characteristic vehicles, for data from the Kochanow system.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The diagram of the methodology for assessing the accuracy and auto-calibration.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Correlation function between the air temperature and the surface temperature measured at a depth of 50 mm (b) Cross-correlation functions between the surface temperature measured at a depth of 50 mm, and the result of weighing the first axle of vehicles characteristic for the data obtained from the system in Kochanow.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Weighing Error Components and Time of Occurrence.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparison of temperature characteristics for the locations Grodziec and Kochanow. The speed of the weighed vehicles was in the range of 80–85 km/h (Grodziec) and 65–70 km/h (Kochanow).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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