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. 2021 Nov 30;10(23):5656.
doi: 10.3390/jcm10235656.

The Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease, Its Risk Factors, and Achievement of Therapeutic Goals among Urban and Rural Primary Care Patients in Poland: Results from the LIPIDOGRAM 2015 Study

Krzysztof Studziński  1 , Tomasz Tomasik  1 , Adam Windak  1 , Maciej Banach  2   3   4 , Ewa Wójtowicz  1 , Mirosław Mastej  5 , Maciej Tomaszewski  6 , Dimitri P Mikhailidis  7 , Peter P Toth  8   9 , Alberico Catapano  10 , Kausik K Ray  11 , George Howard  12 , Gregory Y H Lip  13   14 , Fadi J Charchar  15 , Naveed Sattar  16 , Bryan Williams  17   18 , Thomas M MacDonald  19 , Peter E Penson  20   21 , Jacek J Jóźwiak  22 , On Behalf Of The Lipidogram Investigators
Affiliations

The Differences in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease, Its Risk Factors, and Achievement of Therapeutic Goals among Urban and Rural Primary Care Patients in Poland: Results from the LIPIDOGRAM 2015 Study

Krzysztof Studziński et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

A nationwide cross-sectional study, LIPIDOGRAM2015, was carried out in Poland in the years 2015 and 2016. A total of 438 primary care physicians enrolled 13,724 adult patients that sought medical care in primary health care practices. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and CVD were similar in urban and rural areas (49.5 vs. 49.4%; 13.7 vs. 13.1%; 84.2 vs. 85.2%; 14.4 vs. 14.2%, respectively). The prevalence of obesity (32.3 vs. 37.5%, p < 0.01) and excessive waist circumference (77.5 vs. 80.7%, p < 0.01), as well as abdominal obesity (43.2 vs. 46.4%, p < 0.01), were higher in rural areas in both genders. Mean levels of LDL-C (128 vs. 130 mg/dL, p = 0.04) and non-HDL-C (147 vs. 148 mg/dL, p = 0.03) were slightly higher in rural populations. Altogether, 14.3% of patients with CVD from urban areas and 11.3% from rural areas reached LDL <70 mg/dL (p = 0.04). There were no important differences in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and CVD, or in mean levels of blood pressure, cholesterol fractions, glucose, and HbA1c between Polish urban and rural primary care patient populations. A high proportion of patients in cities and an even-higher proportion in rural areas did not reach the recommended targets for blood pressure, LDL-C, and HbA1c, indicating the need for novel CVD-prevention programs.

Keywords: Poland; cardiovascular diseases; primary health care; risk factors; rural; urban.

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Conflict of interest statement

J.J.J. and M.B. have received an unrestricted educational grant from Valeant, and served as a consultant or speaker for Valeant. T.T. has served as a consultant or speaker for Boehringer Ingelheim, Biofarm, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Pharma. P.E.P. owns four shares in AstraZeneca PLC and has received honoraria and/or travel reimbursement for events sponsored by AKCEA, Amgen, AMRYT, Link Medical, Mylan, Napp, and Sanofi. D.P.M. has given talks, acted as a consultant, or attended conferences sponsored by Amgen, Novo Nordisk, and Libytec. All other authors have no conflict of interest concerning the results of this analysis. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of patients without diabetes with normal fasting glucose level and diabetic patients reaching treatment goals.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Percentage of patients without hypertension with normal blood-pressure level and hypertensive patients reaching treatment goals.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of patients without cardiovascular diseases with normal cholesterol-fractions level and patients with cardiovascular diseases reaching treatment goals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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