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. 2021 Dec 6;26(23):7409.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26237409.

Optimization of SPME-Arrow-GC/MS Method for Determination of Free and Bound Volatile Organic Compounds from Grape Skins

Iva Šikuten  1   2 , Petra Štambuk  1   2 , Jasminka Karoglan Kontić  1   2 , Edi Maletić  1   2 , Ivana Tomaz  1   2 , Darko Preiner  1   2
Affiliations

Optimization of SPME-Arrow-GC/MS Method for Determination of Free and Bound Volatile Organic Compounds from Grape Skins

Iva Šikuten et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

(1) Background: Solid phase microextraction (SPME)-Arrow is a new extraction technology recently employed in the analysis of volatiles in food materials. Grape volatile organic compounds (VOC) have a crucial role in the winemaking industry due to their sensory characteristics of wine.; (2) Methods: Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface methodology were used to optimise SPME-Arrow conditions (extraction temperature, incubation time, exposure time, desorption time). Analyzed VOCs were free VOCs directly from grape skins and bound VOCs released from grape skins by acid hydrolysis.; (3) Results: The most significant factors were extraction temperature and exposure time for both free and bound VOCs. For both factors, an increase in their values positively affected the extraction efficiency for almost all classes of VOCs. For free VOCs, the optimum extraction conditions are: extraction temperature 60 °C, incubation time 20 min, exposure time 49 min, and desorption time 7 min, while for the bound VOCs are: extraction temperature 60 °C, incubation time 20 min, exposure time 60 min, desorption time 7 min.; (4) Conclusions: Application of the optimized method provides a powerful tool in the analysis of major classes of volatile organic compounds from grape skins, which can be applied to a large number of samples.

Keywords: SPME-Arrow; grape skins; volatile organic compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 5
Figure 5
Response surface plot for interaction between extraction temperature and exposure time for bound (A) alcohols, (B) C13-norisporenoids, (C) monoterpenes and (D) carbonyls.
Figure 1
Figure 1
The effect of sample weight and mode of injection on GC/MS instruments on absolute peak areas.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of identified volatile compounds (A) in skins of cv. Merlot, and the absolute peak areas (B) using five different SPME Arrow fibre coatings.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Response surface plot for interaction between extraction temperature and exposure time for free (A) aldehydes, (B) alcohols, (C) monoterpenes and (D) sesquiterpenes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of different heating times on different classes of free volatiles represented as absolute peak areas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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