Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2001 Jun;17(2):113-169.
doi: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2001.tb00115.x.

The Phylogeny of the Extant Hexapod Orders

Ward C Wheeler  1 , Michael Whiting  2 , Quentin D Wheeler  3 , James M Carpenter  1
Affiliations
Free article

The Phylogeny of the Extant Hexapod Orders

Ward C Wheeler et al. Cladistics. 2001 Jun.
Free article

Abstract

Morphological and molecular data are marshalled to address the question of hexapod ordinal relationships. The combination of 275 morphological variables, 1000 bases of the small subunit nuclear rDNA (18S), and 350 bases of the large subunit nuclear rDNA (28S) are subjected to a variety of analysis parameters (indel and transversion costs). Representatives of each hexapod order are included with most orders represented multiply. Those parameters that minimize character incongruence (ILD of Mickevich and Farris, 1981, Syst. Zool. 30, 351-370), among the morphological and molecular data sets are chosen to generate the best supported cladogram. A well-resolved and robust cladogram of ordinal relationships is produced with the topology (Crustacea ((Chilopoda Diplopoda) ((Collembola Protura) ((Japygina Campodeina) (Archaeognatha (Zygentoma (Ephemerida (Odonata ((((Mantodea Blattaria) Isoptera) Zoraptera) ((Plecoptera Embiidina) (((Orthoptera Phasmida) (Grylloblattaria Dermaptera)) ((((Psocoptera Phthiraptera) Thysanoptera) Hemiptera) ((Neuropteroidea Coleoptera) (((((Strepsiptera Diptera) Mecoptera) Siphonaptera) (Trichoptera Lepidoptera)) Hymenoptera)))))))))))))).

PubMed Disclaimer

References

REFERENCES

    1. Achtelig M. (1975). Die Abdomenbasis der Neuropteroidea (Insecta, Holometabola). Zoomorphologie 82, 201-242.
    1. Achtelig M. (1978). Entwicklung und Morphologie der inneren und äuβeren weiblichen Genitalorgane der Kamelhalsfliegen (Neuropteroidea: Raphidioptera). Entomol. Ger. 4, 140-163.
    1. Adams P.A. (1958). The relationship of the Protoperlaria and the Endopterygota. Psyche 65, 115-127.
    1. Aldrovanus, U. (1602). De animalibus insectis libri septem, cum singulorum iconibus as vivum expressis. Bologna.
    1. Aleshin, V. V., Vladychenskaya, N. S., Kedrova, O. S., Milyutina, I. A. and, Petrov, N. B. 18S rRNA gene sequences variability among Insecta as a phylogenetic tool for this group. Unpublished results.

LinkOut - more resources