Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Mar;60(3):327-335.
doi: 10.1177/10556656211062837. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Psychometric Validation of the CLEFT-Q Patient Reported Outcome Measure: A Prospective Study to Examine Cross-Sectional Construct Validity

Anna Miroshnychenko  1 , Charlene Rae  1 , Karen Wong Riff  2 , Christopher Forrest  2 , Tim Goodacre  3 , Marc Swan  4 , Rona Slator  5 , Jesse Goldstein  6 , Achilleas Thoma  1 , Karen Harman  1 , Anne Klassen  1
Affiliations

Psychometric Validation of the CLEFT-Q Patient Reported Outcome Measure: A Prospective Study to Examine Cross-Sectional Construct Validity

Anna Miroshnychenko et al. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2023 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: CLEFT-Q is a condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional construct validity of the CLEFT-Q scales.

Design: Construct validity was assessed through a prospective study that tested hypotheses regarding correlations of scores with other PROMs that measure related constructs.

Setting: Seven cleft centres in Canada, the USA, and UK were involved.

Patients/participants: Patients were aged eight to 29 years with CL/P.

Interventions: Before undergoing rhinoplasty, orthognathic, cleft lip scar revision, and alveolar bone graft, participants were asked to complete the following PROMs: CLEFT-Q (9 scales), Child Oral Health Impact Profile (socio-emotional subscale) and Cleft Hearing Appearance and Speech Questionnaire (features 1 subscale).

Main outcome measure(s): The correlation coefficients examining the relationship between the scales were the main outcome measures. Correlations (Spearman) were calculated and interpreted as follows: <0.3 weak, 0.30 to 0.50 moderate, ≥0.50 strong.

Results: Participants (n = 177) were mostly male (61%) and aged between eight and 11 years (42%). Overall, 38 of 52 (73%) hypotheses tested were supported. More specifically, 20 of 26 (77%) hypotheses about correlations between the appearance scales were supported, two of three (67%) hypotheses about correlations between the health-related quality of life scales were supported, and 16 of 23 (70%) hypotheses about correlations between the appearance and health-related quality of life scales were supported.

Conclusions: Cross-sectional construct validity of the CLEFT-Q scales adds further evidence of the psychometric properties of this instrument.

Keywords: bone grafting; orthognathic surgery; quality of life; rhinoplasty.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Anne Klassen and Karen Wong Riff are co-developers of the CLEFT-Q and, as such, could potentially receive a share of any licence revenues as royalties based on their institutions’ inventor sharing policy if the CLEFT-Q is used in a for profit study. The other authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

References

    1. Allori AC, Kelley T, Meara JG, Albert A, Bonanthaya K, Chapman K, Cunningham M, Daskalogiannakis J, de Gier H, Heggie AA, et al. A standard set of outcome measures for the comprehensive appraisal of cleft care. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017;54 (5):540-554. - PubMed
    1. Broder HL, Wilson-Genderson M. Reliability and convergent and discriminant validity of the child oral health impact profile (COHIP child's version). Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35(suppl 1):20-31. - PubMed
    1. Broder H L, Wilson-Genderson M, Sischo L. Reliability and validity testing for the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Reduced (COHIPSF 19). J Public Health Dent. 2012;72(4):302–312. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cleft Psychology Clinical Excellence Network. Cleft hearing appearance and speech questionnaire (CHASQ)—user guide. Unpublished work; 2015.
    1. Crerand CE, Sarwer DB, Kazak AE, Clarke A, Rumsey N, et al. Body image and quality of life in adolescents with craniofacial conditions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2017;54(1):2-12. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Grants and funding