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. 2024 Jan 25;170(1):72-77.
doi: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-001977.

Epidemiological methods used in the periodontal health research in military personnel: a systematic review

Millán Bárcena García  1 , J M Cobo Plana  2 , G Rodríguez Cagiao  3 , P I Arcos González  4
Affiliations

Epidemiological methods used in the periodontal health research in military personnel: a systematic review

Millán Bárcena García et al. BMJ Mil Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a prevalent pathology in military personnel worldwide. The objective is to analyse the methodological features of periodontal health research performed in military personnel in their home countries.

Methods: A PRISMA systematic review of literature was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases on military periodontal health studies. Study design type, language, publication date, year, country, size and sample selection, age, sex, military, diagnostic procedure, examiners, periodontal, gingival and oral hygiene index were extracted.

Results: Eighty-eight out of 5355 studies found were selected, published between 1921 and 2020, with samples ranging from 52 to 16 869 individuals, generally not randomised, and consisting mainly of men with a mean age of 25 years. Predominant studies were cross-sectional descriptive studies, carried out in the Army, on American military personnel, and in the English language. Most of the studies used the WHO periodontal probe handled by two or more examiners. The Löe and Silness gingival index and the Silness and Löe plaque index were the most used indexes to assess gingival condition and oral hygiene, respectively. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs was the most widely used periodontal index.

Conclusions: Research on periodontal health carried out in military populations from the 1920s to the present has been performed from an almost exclusively descriptive approach. Issues such as the characteristics and representativeness of the samples, the epidemiological design and the different gingival-periodontal indexes used may limit the comparability of the study results.

Keywords: epidemiology; oral & maxillofacial surgery; oral medicine; preventive medicine; public health.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA diagram illustrating the literature search and identification process. PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of the studies by decade of publication.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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