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Review
. 2021 Dec 3:12:796865.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796865. eCollection 2021.

Gut Microbiota-Medication Interaction in Rheumatic Diseases

Lingshu Zhang  1   2 , Cong-Qiu Chu  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Gut Microbiota-Medication Interaction in Rheumatic Diseases

Lingshu Zhang et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Besides its contribution to the development of rheumatic diseases, the gut microbiota interact with anti-rheumatic drugs. The intestinal microbiota can directly metabolize many drugs and indirectly change drug metabolism through a complex multi-dimensional interaction with the host, thus affecting individual response to drug therapy and adverse effects. The focus of the current review is to address recent advances and important progress in our understanding of how the gut microbiota interact with anti-rheumatic drugs and provide perspectives on promoting precision treatment, drug discovery, and better therapy for rheumatic diseases.

Keywords: biomarkers; disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; microbiota; personalized medicine; prediction and opportunity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Interaction between gut microbiota and methotrexate (MTX). MTX inhibits bacterial dehydrofolate reductase and affects the growth of bacteria, bacterial transcriptome, and metabolome. There are MTX-sensitive and MTX-resistant bacteria in the human gut. Therefore, MTX treatment affects the community of gut microbiota. The change of gut microbiota post-MTX treatment can suppress immune cells in the periphery and in the intestinal mucosa. It is not clear whether MTX will also affect interactions between gut bacteria and whether the change of immune cellular components will, in turn, affect the gut microbiota.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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