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. 2021 Dec 21;12(12):CD002008.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002008.pub5.

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Christine Baldwin  1 , Marian Ae de van der Schueren  2   3 , Hinke M Kruizenga  4 , Christine Elizabeth Weekes  5
Affiliations

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Christine Baldwin et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Disease-related malnutrition has been reported in 10% to 55% of people in hospital and the community and is associated with significant health and social-care costs. Dietary advice (DA) encouraging consumption of energy- and nutrient-rich foods rather than oral nutritional supplements (ONS) may be an initial treatment.

Objectives: To examine evidence that DA with/without ONS in adults with disease-related malnutrition improves survival, weight, anthropometry and quality of life (QoL).

Search methods: We identified relevant publications from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearching. Last search: 01 March 2021.

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DA with/without ONS in adults with disease-related malnutrition in any healthcare setting compared with no advice, ONS or DA alone.

Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, risk of bias, extracted data and graded evidence.

Main results: We included 94, mostly parallel, RCTs (102 comparisons; 10,284 adults) across many conditions possibly explaining the high heterogeneity. Participants were mostly older people in hospital, residential care and the community, with limited reporting on their sex. Studies lasted from one month to 6.5 years. DA versus no advice - 24 RCTs (3523 participants) Most outcomes had low-certainty evidence. There may be little or no effect on mortality after three months, RR 0.87 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 2.96), or at later time points. We had no three-month data, but advice may make little or no difference to hospitalisations, or days in hospital after four to six months and up to 12 months. A similar effect was seen for complications at up to three months, MD 0.00 (95% CI -0.32 to 0.32) and between four and six months. Advice may improve weight after three months, MD 0.97 kg (95% CI 0.06 to 1.87) continuing at four to six months and up to 12 months; and may result in a greater gain in fat-free mass (FFM) after 12 months, but not earlier. It may also improve global QoL at up to three months, MD 3.30 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.13), but not later. DA versus ONS - 12 RCTs (852 participants) All outcomes had low-certainty evidence. There may be little or no effect on mortality after three months, RR 0.66 (95% CI 0.34 to 1.26), or at later time points. Either intervention may make little or no difference to hospitalisations at three months, RR 0.36 (95% CI 0.04 to 3.24), but ONS may reduce hospitalisations up to six months. There was little or no difference between groups in weight change at three months, MD -0.14 kg (95% CI -2.01 to 1.74), or between four to six months. Advice (one study) may lead to better global QoL scores but only after 12 months. No study reported days in hospital, complications or FFM. DA versus DA plus ONS - 22 RCTs (1286 participants) Most outcomes had low-certainty evidence. There may be little or no effect on mortality after three months, RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.47 to 1.80) or at later time points. At three months advice may lead to fewer hospitalisations, RR 1.70 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.77), but not at up to six months. There may be little or no effect on length of hospital stay at up to three months, MD -1.07 (95% CI -4.10 to 1.97). At three months DA plus ONS may lead to fewer complications, RR 0.75 (95% CI o.56 to 0.99); greater weight gain, MD 1.15 kg (95% CI 0.42 to 1.87); and better global QoL scores, MD 0.33 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.57), but this was not seen at other time points. There was no effect on FFM at three months. DA plus ONS if required versus no advice or ONS - 31 RCTs (3308 participants) Evidence was moderate- to low-certainty. There may be little or no effect on mortality at three months, RR 0.82 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.16) or at later time points. Similarly, little or no effect on hospitalisations at three months, RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.15), at four to six months and up to 12 months; on days in hospital at three months, MD -0.12 (95% CI -2.48 to 2.25) or for complications at any time point. At three months, advice plus ONS probably improve weight, MD 1.25 kg (95% CI 0.73 to 1.76) and may improve FFM, 0.82 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.29), but these effects were not seen later. There may be little or no effect of either intervention on global QoL scores at three months, but advice plus ONS may improve scores at up to 12 months. DA plus ONS versus no advice or ONS - 13 RCTs (1315 participants) Evidence was low- to very low-certainty. There may be little or no effect on mortality after three months, RR 0.91 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.52) or at later time points. No study reported hospitalisations and there may be little or no effect on days in hospital after three months, MD -1.81 (95% CI -3.65 to 0.04) or six months. Advice plus ONS may lead to fewer complications up to three months, MD 0.42 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.89) (one study). Interventions may make little or no difference to weight at three months, MD 1.08 kg (95% CI -0.17 to 2.33); however, advice plus ONS may improve weight at four to six months and up to 12 months. Interventions may make little or no difference in FFM or global QoL scores at any time point.

Authors' conclusions: We found no evidence of an effect of any intervention on mortality. There may be weight gain with DA and with DA plus ONS in the short term, but the benefits of DA when compared with ONS are uncertain. The size and direction of effect and the length of intervention and follow-up required for benefits to emerge were inconsistent for all other outcomes. There were too few data for many outcomes to allow meaningful conclusions. Studies focusing on both patient-centred and healthcare outcomes are needed to address the questions in this review.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01249716 NCT01472237.

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Conflict of interest statement

The first year of work on the protocol for this review was funded by the British Dietetic Association.

The authors of this review are all authors of studies included in the review, but have not extracted data or assessed risk of bias for any studies they have authored.

MdvdS declares her institution received honoraria for independent lectures which she gave at educational and scientific events organized by Fresenius Kabi, Nutricia; she has also received a grant (paid to her institution) from the Dutch cancer society to perform a nutritional intervention trial.

LW declares receipt of funds from Abbott Nutrition for an educational webinar on the estimation of nutritional requirements and from Nutricia UK for serving on the expert panel of the recently published COPD Malnutrition Pathway; neither of these had any direct bearing on the preparation and completion of this Cochrane Review.

CB and HMK declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

1
1
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
2
2
3
3
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Dietary advice compared with no advice, outcome: 1.5.1 Change in weight (kg).
4
4
Funnel plot of comparison: 2 Dietary advice  compared with ONS, outcome: 2.3.1 Change in weight (kg).
5
5
Funnel plot of comparison 3: dietary advice plus ONS compared with dietary advice alone. Outcome 3.5.1 change in weight (kg)
6
6
Funnel plot of comparison 4: dietary advice plus ONS if required compared with no advice and no ONS. Outcome 4.5.1 change in weight (kg)
7
7
Funnel plot of comparison 5: dietary advice plus ONS compared with no advice and no ONS. Outcome 5.4.1 change in weight (kg)
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 1: Mortality
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 2: Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 3: Length of hospital stay (days)
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 4: Complications
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 5: Change in weight (kg)
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 6: Change in BMI (kg/m²)
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 7: Change in fat‐free mass (kg)
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 8: Change in mid‐arm circumference (cm)
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 9: Change in mid‐arm muscle circumference (cm)
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 10: Change in triceps skinfold thickness (mm)
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 11: Change in energy intake (kcal)
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 12: Final energy intake (kcal)
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 13: Change in protein intake (g)
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 14: Final protein intake (g)
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 15: Change in grip strength (kg force)
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 16: Change in global QoL
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 17: QoL ‐ change in physical function
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 18: QoL ‐ change in mental function
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 19: QoL ‐ change in social function
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 20: QoL ‐ change in cognitive function
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 21: QoL ‐ change in pain
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1: Dietary advice compared with no advice, Outcome 22: QoL ‐ change in energy/fatigue
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 1: Mortality
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 2: Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 3: Change in weight (kg)
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 4: Change in BMI (kg/m²)
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 5: Change in mid‐arm muscle circumference (cm)
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 6: Change in mid‐arm circumference (cm)
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 7: Change in triceps skinfold thickness (mm)
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 8: Change in energy intake (kcal)
2.9
2.9. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 9: Change in protein intake (g)
2.10
2.10. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 10: Change in grip strength (kg force)
2.11
2.11. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 11: Change in global QoL
2.12
2.12. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 12: QoL ‐ change in physical function
2.13
2.13. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 13: QoL ‐ change in mental function
2.14
2.14. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 14: QoL ‐ change in social function
2.15
2.15. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 15: QoL ‐ change in cognitive function
2.16
2.16. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 16: QoL ‐ change in pain
2.17
2.17. Analysis
Comparison 2: Dietary advice compared with nutritional supplements, Outcome 17: QoL ‐ change in energy/fatigue
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 1: Mortality
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 2: Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 3: Length of hospital stay (days)
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 4: Complications
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 5: Change in weight (kg)
3.6
3.6. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 6: Change in BMI (kg/m²)
3.7
3.7. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 7: Change in fat free mass (kg)
3.8
3.8. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 8: Change in mid‐arm muscle circumference (cm)
3.9
3.9. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 9: Change in triceps skinfold thickness (mm)
3.10
3.10. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 10: Change in energy intake (kcal)
3.11
3.11. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 11: Final energy intake (kcal/day)
3.12
3.12. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 12: Change in protein intake (g)
3.13
3.13. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 13: Final protein intake (g/day)
3.14
3.14. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 14: Change in grip strength (kg force)
3.15
3.15. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 15: Change in global QoL
3.16
3.16. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 16: QoL ‐ change in physical function
3.17
3.17. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 17: QoL ‐ change in mental function
3.18
3.18. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 18: QoL ‐ change in social function
3.19
3.19. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 19: QoL ‐ change in cognitive function
3.20
3.20. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 20: QoL ‐ change in pain
3.21
3.21. Analysis
Comparison 3: Dietary advice compared with dietary advice plus nutritional supplements, Outcome 21: QoL ‐ change in energy/fatigue
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 1: Mortality
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 2: Number of people admitted or readmitted to hospital
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 3: Length of hospital stay (days)
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 4: Complications
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 5: Change in weight (kg)
4.6
4.6. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 6: Change in BMI (kg/m²)
4.7
4.7. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 7: Final BMI (kg/m²)
4.8
4.8. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 8: Change in fat free mass (kg)
4.9
4.9. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 9: Change in mid‐arm circumference (cm)
4.10
4.10. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 10: Change in mid‐arm muscle circumference (cm)
4.11
4.11. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 11: Change in triceps skinfold thickness (mm)
4.12
4.12. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 12: Change in energy intake (kcal)
4.13
4.13. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 13: Final energy intake (kcal)
4.14
4.14. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 14: Change in protein intake (g)
4.15
4.15. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 15: Change in grip strength (kg force)
4.16
4.16. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 16: Change in global QoL
4.17
4.17. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 17: Final global QoL
4.18
4.18. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 18: QoL ‐ change in physical function
4.19
4.19. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 19: QoL ‐ change in mental function
4.20
4.20. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 20: QoL ‐ change in social function
4.21
4.21. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 21: QoL ‐ change in cognitive function
4.22
4.22. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 22: QoL ‐ change in pain
4.23
4.23. Analysis
Comparison 4: Dietary advice plus supplements if required compared with no advice, Outcome 23: QoL ‐ change in energy/fatigue
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 1: Mortality
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 2: Length of hospital stay (days)
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 3: Complications
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 4: Change in weight (kg)
5.5
5.5. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 5: Change in fat free mass
5.6
5.6. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 6: Change in BMI (kg/m²)
5.7
5.7. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 7: Final BMI (kg/m²)
5.8
5.8. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 8: Change in energy intake (kcal)
5.9
5.9. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 9: Final energy intake (kcal)
5.10
5.10. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 10: Change in protein intake
5.11
5.11. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 11: Final protein intake (g/day)
5.12
5.12. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 12: Change in handgrip strength (kg)
5.13
5.13. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 13: Change in global QoL
5.14
5.14. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 14: QoL ‐ change in physical function
5.15
5.15. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 15: QoL ‐ change in mental function
5.16
5.16. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 16: QoL ‐ change in social function
5.17
5.17. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 17: QoL ‐ change in cognitive function
5.18
5.18. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 18: QoL ‐ change in pain
5.19
5.19. Analysis
Comparison 5: Dietary advice plus supplements compared with no advice and no supplements, Outcome 19: QoL ‐ change in energy/fatigue
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Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

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    1. Bourdel-Marchasson I, Blanc-Bisson C, Doussau A, Germain C, Blanc JF, Dauba J, et al. Nutritional advice in older patients at risk of malnutrition during treatment for chemotherapy: a two-year randomized controlled trial. PloS One 2014;9(9):e108687. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
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Burden 2011 {published data only}
    1. Burden ST, Hill J, Shaffer JL, Campbell M, Todd C. An unblinded randomised controlled trial of preoperative oral supplements in colorectal cancer patients. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2011;24(5):441-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2011.01188.x.] - DOI - PubMed
Burden 2017 {published data only}
    1. Burden ST, Gibson DJ, Lal S, Hill J, Pilling M, Soop M, et al. Pre-operative oral nutritional supplementation with dietary advice versus dietary advice alone in weight-losing patients with colorectal cancer: single-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2017;8(3):437-46. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Caccialanza 2015 {published data only}
    1. Caccialanza R, Palladini G, Cereda E, Bonardi C, Milani P, Cameletti B, et al. Nutritional counseling in systemic immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis: a prospective randomized, controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition 2014;33:S56-7, PP100.
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Calegari 2011 {published data only}
    1. Calegari A, Barros EG, Veronese FV, Thome FS. Malnourished patients on hemodialysis improve after receiving a nutritional intervention [Pacientes desnutridos em hemodialise melhoram apos receber intervencao nutricional]. Brazilian Journal of Nephrology 2011;33(4):394-401. - PubMed
Campbell 2008 {published data only}
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Cano‐Torres 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cano-Torres EA, Simental-Mendía LE, Morales-Garza LA, Ramos-Delgado JM, Reyes-Gonzalez MM, Sánchez-Nava VM, et al. Impact of nutritional intervention on length of hospital stay and mortality among hospitalized patients with malnutrition: a clinical randomized controlled trial. Journal of American College of Nutrition 2017;36(4):235-9. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016] - DOI - PubMed
Carey 2013 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12609000219280. Individualised nutritional counselling for patients who have undergone major upper gastrointestinal surgery - a randomised controlled trial. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ACTRN12609000219280 (date first registered 30 Apr 2009).
    1. Carey S, Ferrie S, Ryan R, Beaton J, Young J, Allman-Farinelli M. Long-term nutrition intervention following major upper gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013;67(4):324–9. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.17] - DOI - PubMed
Casals 2015 {published data only}
    1. Casals C, Garcia-Agua-Soler N, Vazquez-Sanchez MA, Requena-Toro MV, Padilla-Romero L, Casals-Sanchez JL. Randomized clinical trial of nutritional counselling for malnourished hospital patients [Ensayo clinico aleatorizado del asesoramiento nutricional en pacientes desnutridos hospitalizados]. Revista Española de Cardiología 2015;215(6):308-14. [PMID: ] - PubMed
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    1. Chandra RK, Puri S. Nutritional support improves antibody response to influenza virus vaccine in the elderly. BMJ 1985;291(6497):705-6. - PMC - PubMed
de Luis 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Luis D, Aller R, Bachiller P, Gonzalez-Sagrado M, deLuis J, Izaola O, et al. Isolated dietary counselling program versus supplement and dietary counselling in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection [Consejo nutricional aislado frente a suplemento y consejo nutricionales en pacientes con infeccion por el virus do la inmunodeficiencia humana]. Medicina Clinica 2003;120(15):565-7. - PubMed
de Sousa 2012 {published data only}
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Diouf 2016 {published data only}
    1. Diouf A, Badiane A, Manga NM, Idohou-Dossou N, Sow PS, Wade S. Daily consumption of ready-to-use peanut-based therapeutic food increased fat free mass, improved anemic status but has no impact on the zinc status of people living with HIV/AIDS: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2016;16:1. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
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Evans 1987 {published data only}
    1. Evans WK, Nixon DW, Daly JM, Ellenberg SS, Gardner L, Wolfe E, et al. A randomized study of oral nutritional support versus ad lib nutritional intake during chemotherapy for advanced colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1987;5(1):113-24. - PubMed
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Feldblum 2011 {published data only}
    1. Feldblum I, German L, Castel H, Harman-Boehm I, Shahar DR. Individualized nutritional intervention during and after hospitalization: the nutrition intervention study clinical trial. Journal of American Geriatric Society 2011;59:10–7. - PubMed
Fernandez‐Barres 2017 {published data only}
    1. Fernandez-Barres S, Garcia-Barco M, Basora J, Martinez T, Pedret R, Arija V. The efficacy of a nutrition education intervention to prevent risk of malnutrition for dependent elderly patients receiving Home Care: a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2017;70:131-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.020] - DOI - PubMed
Forli 2001 {published and unpublished data}
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Fuenzalida 1990 {published data only}
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Ganzoni 1994 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Ganzoni A, Heilig P, Schonenberger K, Hugli O, Fitting JW, Brandli O. High-caloric nutrition in chronic obstructive lung disease [Hochkalorische Ernahrung bei chronischer obstruktiver Lungenkrankheit]. Schweizerische Rundschau Fuer Medizin Praxis 1994;83(1):13-6. - PubMed
Gonzalez‐Espinoza 2005 {published data only}
    1. Gonzalez-Espinoza L, Gutierrez-Chavez J, Campo FM, Martinez-Ramirez HR, Cortez-Sanabria L, Rojas-Campos E, et al. Randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial of oral administration of an egg albumen-based protein supplement to patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2005;25(2):173-80. - PubMed
Gray‐Donald 1995 {published and unpublished data}
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Gu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Gu B, Zhang R, Wang Yi, Yao J. Effect of nutritional support on nutritional status and clinical outcome of patients in internal medical departments. Chinese Journal of Clincal Nutrition 2015;23(3):137-41.
Hampson 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Hampson G, Martin FC, Moffat K, Vaja S, Sankaralingam S, Cheung J, et al. Effects of dietary improvement on bone metabolism in elderly underweight women with osteoporosis: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoporosis international 2003;14(9):750-6. - PubMed
Hernandez 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hernandez Morante JJ, Sanchez-Villazala A, Canavate-Cutillas R, Conesa-Fuentes MC. Effectiveness of a nutrition education program for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in end-stage renal disease. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2014;24(1):42-9. - PubMed
Holyday 2012 {published data only}
    1. Holyday M, Daniells S, Bare M, Caplan GA, Petocz P, Bolin T. Malnutrition screening and early nutrition intervention in hospitalised patients in acute aged care: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Nutritional Health and Aging 2012;16(6):562-8. - PubMed
Huynh 2015 {published data only}
    1. Huynh DT, Devitt AA, Paule CL, Reddy BR, Marathe P, Hegazi RA, et al. Effects of oral nutritional supplementation in the management of malnutrition in hospital and post-hospital discharged patients in India: a randomised, open-label, controlled trial. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2015;28(4):331-43. [PMID: ] - PubMed
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Imes 1988 {published and unpublished data}
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Isenring 2004 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Isenring EA, Bauer JD, Capra S. Nutrition support using the American Dietetic Association medical nutrition therapy protocol for radiation oncology patients improves dietary intake compared with standard practice. Journal of American Dietetic Association 2007;107(3):404-12. - PubMed
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Jahnavi 2010 {published data only}
    1. Jahnavi G, Sudha CH. Randomised controlled trial of food supplements in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and wasting. Singapore Medical Journal 2010;51(12):957-62. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Jensen 1997 {published data only}
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Kalnins 2005 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Kalnins D, Corey M, Ellis L, Pencharz PB, Tullis E, Durie PR. Failure of conventional strategies to improve nutritional status in malnourished adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Pediatrics 2005;147(3):399-401. - PubMed
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Kapoor 2017 {published data only}
    1. Kapoor N, Naufahu J, Tewfik S, Bhatnagar S, Garg R, Tewfik I. A prospective randomized controlled trial to study the impact of a nutrition-sensitive intervention on adult women with cancer cachexia undergoing palliative care in India. Integrative Cancer Therapies 2017;16(1):74-84. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
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Kendell 1982 {published data only}
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    1. Kiss N, Isenring E, Gough K, Wheeler G, Wirth A, Campbell BA, et al. Early and intensive dietary counselling in lung cancer patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy-a pilot randomized controlled trial. Nutrition and Cancer 2016;68(6):958-67. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Kunvik 2018 {unpublished data only}
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Le Cornu 2000 {published data only}
    1. Le Cornu KA, McKiernan FJ, Kapadia SA, Neuberger JM. A prospective randomized study of preoperative nutritional supplementation in patients awaiting elective orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 2000;69(7):1364-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Locher 2013 {published data only}
    1. Locher JL, Bales CW, Ellis AC, Lawrence JC, Newton L, Ritchie CS, et al. A theoretically based behavioral Nutrition Intervention for community elders at high risk: the B-NICE randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics 2011;30(4):384-402. - PMC - PubMed
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Lovik 1996 {published data only}
    1. Lovik A, Almendingen K, Dotterud M, Forli L, Boysen M, Omarhus M, et al. Dietary information after radiotherapy of head and neck cancer [Kostveiledning etter stralebehandling for kreft i hode- og halsregionen]. Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening 1996;116(19):2303-6. - PubMed
Macia 1991a {published data only}
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Macia 1991b {published data only}
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Macia 1991c {published data only}
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Manguso 2005 {published data only}
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McCarthy 1999 {published and unpublished data}
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Moloney 1983 {published data only}
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Murphy 1992 {published data only}
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Neelemaat 2011 {published data only}
    1. Neelemaat F, Bosmans JE, Thijs A, Seidell JC, Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA. Oral nutritional support in malnourished elderly decreases functional limitations with no extra costs. Clinical Nutrition 2012;31(2):183-90. - PubMed
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    1. NCT02470013. Medical and health economic benefit of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in ambulant patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02470013 (date first posted 12 Jun 2015).
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Olejko 1984 {published data only}
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Ollenschlager 1992 {published data only}
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Ovesen 1993 {published data only}
    1. Ovesen L, Allingstrup L, Hannibal J, Mortensen EL, Hansen OP. Effect of dietary counseling on food intake, body weight, response rate, survival, and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a prospective, randomized study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1993;11(10):2043-9. - PubMed
Parsons 2016 {published data only}
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    1. Parsons EL, Stratton RJ, A Cawood, Jackson M. Oral nutritional supplements are more cost effective than dietary advice in improving quality adjusted life years (QALYS) in malnourished care home residents. In: Clinical Nutrition Supplement. Vol. 7(1). 2012:44, abstract OC-039. - PubMed
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Paton 2004 {published and unpublished data}
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Payette 2002 {published data only}
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Pedersen 2016a {published data only}
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    1. Pedersen JL, Pedersen PU, Damsgaard EM. Early nutritional follow-up after discharge prevents deterioration of ADL functions in malnourished, independent, geriatric patients who live alone - a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2016;20(8):845-53. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Pedersen 2016b {published data only}
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Persson 2002 {published and unpublished data}
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Persson 2007 {published data only}
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Pivi 2011 {published data only}
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Rabeneck 1998 {published data only}
    1. Rabeneck L, Palmer A, Knowles JB, Seidehamel RJ, Harris CL, Merkel KL, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating nutrition counselling with or without oral supplementation in malnourished HIV-infected patients. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 1998;98(4):434-8. - PubMed
Ravasco 2005a {published and unpublished data}
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Ravasco 2005b {published data only}
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Rogers 1992 {published data only}
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Rydwik 2008 {published data only}
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    1. Schilp J, Kruizenga HM, Wijnhoven HA, Binsbergen JJ, Visser M. Effects of a dietetic treatment in older, undernourished,community-dwelling individuals in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Nutrition 2013;52(8):1939-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0495-9] - DOI - PubMed
Schwenk 1999 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Schwenk A, Steuck H, Kremer G. Oral supplements as adjunctive treatment to nutritional counseling in malnourished HIV-infected patients: randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition 1999;18(6):371-4. - PubMed
Sharma 2002a {published data only}
    1. Sharma M, Rao M, Jacob S, Jacob CK. A controlled trial of intermittent enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2002;12(4):229-37. - PubMed
Sharma 2002b {published data only}
    1. Sharma M, Rao M, Jacob S, Jacob CK. A controlled trial of intermittent enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2002;12(4):229-37. - PubMed
Sharma 2017 {published data only}
    1. Sharma Y, Thompson C, Kaambwa B, Shahi R, Hakendorf P, Miller M. Investigation of the benefits of early malnutrition screening with telehealth follow up in elderly acute medical admissions. QJM: monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 2017;110(10):639-47. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Sharma Y, Thompson C, Miller M, Shahi R, Hakendorf P, Horwood C, Kaambwa B. Economic evaluation of an extended nutritional intervention in older Australian hospitalized patients: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics 2018;18(41):1-13. - PMC - PubMed
Silvers 2014 {published data only}
    1. Furness K, Silvers MA, Savva J, Huggins CE, Truby H, Haines T. Long-term follow-up of the potential benefits of early nutritional intervention in adults with upper gastrointestinal cancer: a pilot randomised trial. Supportive Care in Cancer 2017;25(11):3587-93. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Silvers MA, Savva J, Huggins CE, Truby H, Haines T. Potential benefits of early nutritional intervention in adults with upper gastrointestinal cancer: a pilot randomised trial. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(11):3035-44. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Singh 2008 {published data only}
    1. Singh S, Midha S, Singh N, Joshi YK, Garg PK. Dietary counselling versus dietary supplements for malnutrition in chronic pancreatitis: a randomised controlled trial. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2008;6(3):353-9. - PubMed
Starke 2011 {published data only}
    1. Starke J, Schneider H, Alteheld B, Stehle P, Meier R. Short-term individual nutritional care as part of routine clinical setting improves outcome and quality of life in malnourished medical patients. Clinical Nutrition 2011;30(2):194-201. - PubMed
Stow 2015 {published data only}
    1. Stow R, Ives N, Smith C, Rick C, Rushton A. A cluster randomised feasibility trial evaluating nutritional interventions in the treatment of malnutrition in care home adult residents. Trials 2015;16:433:1-21. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stow R, Rushton A, Ives N, Smith C, Rick C. A cluster randomised feasibility trial evaluating six-month nutritional interventions in the treatment of malnutrition in care home-dwelling adults: recruitment, data collection and protocol. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 2015;1(3):1-14. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stow RE, Smith CH, Rushton AB. Care home resident and staff perceptions of the acceptability of nutrition intervention trial procedures: a qualitative study embedded within a cluster randomised feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2018;8(7):e022307. - PMC - PubMed
Suominen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jyvakorpi SK, Puranen T, Pitkala KH, Suominen MH. Nutritional treatment of aged individuals with Alzheimer disease living at home with their spouses: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2012;13:66. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Puranen TM, Jyvakorpi SK, Pitkala KG, Eloniemi-Sulkava U, Raivio MM, Suominen MH. Nutritional intervention of patients with Alzheimer's disease living at home with their spouse: a randomized controlled trail. Baseline findings and feasibility. Journal of Aging Research & Clinical Practice 2013;2(2):236-41.
    1. Puranen TM, Pietila SE, Pitkala KH, Kautiainen H, Raivio M, Eloniemi-Sulkava U, et al. Caregivers' male gender is associated with poor nutrient intake in AD families (NuAD-trial). Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2014;18(7):672-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Puranen TM, Pitkala KH, Suominen MH. Tailored nutritional guidance for home-dwelling AD families: the feasibility of and elements promoting positive changes in diet (NuAD-Trial). Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2015;19(4):454-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Suominen MH, Puranen TM, Jyvakorpi SK, Eloniemi-Sulkava U, Kautiainen H, Siljamaki-Ojansuu U, et al. Nutritional guidance improves nutrient intake and quality of life, and may prevent falls in aged persons with Alzheimer disease living with a spouse (NuAD Trial). Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2015;19(9):901-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Terp 2018 {published data only}
    1. NCT03131856. Nutritional intervention in geriatric patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03131856 (date first posted 27 Apr 2017).
    1. Terp R, Jacobsen KO, Kannegaard P, Larsen AM, Madsen OR, Noiesen E. A nutritional intervention program improves the nutritional status of geriatric patients at nutritional risk-a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation 2018;32(7):930-41. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Tu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tu MY, Chien TW, Lin HP, Liu MY. Effects of an intervention on nutrition consultation for cancer patients. European Journal of Cancer Care 2013;22(3):370-6. - PubMed
Um 2014 {published data only}
    1. UM MH, Choi MY, Lee SM, Lee IJ, Lee CG, Park YK. Intensive nutritional counseling improves PG-SGA scores and nutritional symptoms during and after radiotherapy in Korean cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014;22(11):2997-3005. - PubMed
Uster 2013 {published data only}
    1. Uster A, Ruefenacht U, Ruehlin M, Pless M, Siano M, Haefner M, et al. Influence of a nutritional intervention on dietary intake and quality of life in cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition 2013;29(11-2):1342-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.004] - DOI - PubMed
Vivanti 2015 {published data only}
    1. Vivanti A, Isenring E, Baumann S, Powrie D, O'Neill M, Clark D, et al. Emergency department malnutrition screening and support model improves outcomes in a pilot randomised controlled trial. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ 2015;32(3):180-3. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Weekes 2009 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Weekes CE, Emery PW, Elia M. Dietary counselling and food fortification in stable COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2009;64(4):326-31. - PubMed
Wilson 2001 {published data only}
    1. Wilson B, Fernandez-Madrid A, Hayes A, Hermann K, Smith J, Wassell A. Comparison of the effects of two early intervention strategies on the health outcomes of malnourished hemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2001;11(9):166-71. - PubMed
Wong 2004 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Wong SY, Lau EM, Lau WW, Lynn HS. Is dietary counselling effective in increasing dietary calcium, protein and energy intakes in patients with osteoporotic fractures? A randomised controlled clinical trial. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietietics 2004;17(4):359-64. - PubMed
Wyers 2013 {published data only}
    1. NCT00523575. Nutritional intervention in hip fracture patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00523575 (date first posted 31 Aug 2007).
    1. Wyers CE, Breedveld-Peters JJ, Reijven PL, Helden S, Guldemond NA, Severens JL, et al. Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in elderly after hip fracture: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2010;10:212. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wyers CE, Reijven PL, Breedveld-Peters JJ, Denissen KF, Schotanus MG, Dongen MC, et al. Efficacy of nutritional intervention in elderly after hip fracture: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2018;73(10):1429-37. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wyers CE, Reijven PL, Evers SM, Willems PC, Heyligers IC, Verburg AD, et al. Cost-effectiveness of nutritional intervention in elderly subjects after hip fracture. A randomized controlled trial. Osteoporosis International 2013;24(1):151-62. - PMC - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

ACTRN12613000518763 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12613000518763. Malnutrition in the Australian rural rehabilitation community: a prospective observational study observing usual care in older adults admitted for rehabilitation. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364079 2013.
Ahnfeldt‐Mollerup 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ahnfeldt-Mollerup P, Hey H, Johansen C, Kristensen S, Brix Lindskov J, Jensahnfeldt-Mollerupen C. The effect of protein supplementation on quality of life, physical function, and muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 2015;51(4):447-56. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Aleman‐Mateo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Aleman-Mateo H, Carreon VR, Macias L, Astiazaran-Garcia H, Gallegos-Aguilar AC, Enriquez JR. Nutrient-rich dairy proteins improve appendicular skeletal muscle mass and physical performance, and attenuate the loss of muscle strength in older men and women subjects: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging 2014;9:1517-25. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Amlogu 2016 {published data only}
    1. Amlogu AM, Tewfik S, Wambebe C, Tewfik I. A compartive study: long and short term effect of a nutrition sensitive approach to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Nigeria. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 2016;6(2):79-90.
Antila 1993 {published data only}
    1. Antila H, Salo M, Nanto V, Forssell D, Salonen M, Kirvela O. The effect of intermaxillary fixation on leucocyte zinc, serum trace elements and nutritional status of patients undergoing maxillofacial surgery. Clinical Nutrition 1993;12(4):223-9. - PubMed
Apovian 2017 {published data only}
    1. Apovian CM, Singer MR, Campbell WW, Bhasin S, McCarthy AC, Shah M, et al. Development of a novel six-month nutrition intervention for a randomized trial in older men with mobility limitations. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2017;21(10):1081-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Arija 2012 {published data only}
    1. Arija V, Martin N, Canela T, Anguera C, Castelao AI, Garcia-Barco M, et al. Nutrition education intervention for dependent patients: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2012;12:373. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Arnarson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Arnarson A, Gudny Geirsdottir O, Ramel A, Briem K, Jonsson PV, Thorsdottir I. Effects of whey proteins and carbohydrates on the efficacy of resistance training in elderly people: double blind, randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013;67(8):821-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Arutiunov 2009 {published data only}
    1. Arutiunov GP, Kostiukevich OI, Bylova NA. Prevalence and clinical significance of malnutrition and effectiveness of nutritional support for patients suffering from chronic heart failure. Eksperimental' Naia i Klinicheskaia Gastroenterologiia 2009;2:22-33. - PubMed
Bachmann 1998 {published data only}
    1. Bachmann P, Gordiani B, Ranchere JY, Lallemand Y, Combret D, Latour JF, et al. Assessment of indication and quality of nutritional support in medical oncology. Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme 1998;12(1):3-12.
Badia 2015 {published data only}
    1. Badia T, Formiga F, Ferrer A, Sanz H, Hurtos L, Pujol R. Multifactorial assessment and targeted intervention in nutritional status among the older adults: a randomized controlled trial: the Octabaix study. BMC Geriatrics 2015;15:45. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Baradzina 2013 {published data only}
    1. Baradzina HL. Shot and long-term effects of pulmonary rehabilitation program in sarcoidosis. European Respiratory Journal 2013;42:3788.
Bauer 1994 {published data only}
    1. Bauer S, Jakob E, Berg A, Keul J. Energy and nutrient intake in adolescent weight-lifters before and after nutritional counselling. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Medizin und Traumatologie 1994;3:35-42. - PubMed
Beange 1995 {published data only}
    1. Beange H, Gale L, Stewart L. Project re nourish: a dietary intervention to improve nutritional status in people with multiple disabilities. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disability 1995;20(3):165-74.
Beck 2008 {published data only}
    1. Beck AM, Damkjaer K, Beyer N. Multifacted nutritional intervention among nursing-home residents has a positive influence on nutrition and function. Nutrition 2008;24(11-12):1073-80. - PubMed
Beck 2016 {published data only}
    1. Beck AM, Christensen AG, Hansen BS, Damsbo-Svendsen S, Moller TK. Multidisciplinary nutritional support for undernutrition in nursing home and home-care: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 2016;32(2):199-205. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Beck AM, Gogsig Christensen A, Stenbaek Hansen B, Damsbo-Svendsen S, Kreinfeldt Skovgaard Moller T, Boll Hansen E, et al. Study protocol: cost effectiveness of multidisciplinary nutritional support for undernutrition in older adults in nursing home and home-care: cluster randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal 2014;13:86. [DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-86] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Beck Docent AM, Christensen AG, Hansen BS, Damsbo-Svendsen S, Møller TK. Author response "Rehabilitation nutrition for undernourished participants in nursing home and home care: cluster randomized controlled study". Nutrition 2016;32(4):503-4. - PubMed
Beddhu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Beddhu S, Filipowicz R, Chen X, Neilson JL, Wei G, Huang Y, et al. Supervised oral protein supplementation during dialysis in patients with elevated C-reactive protein levels: a two phase, longitudinal, single center, open labeled study. BMC Nephrology 2015;16:87. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Beelen 2017a {published data only}
    1. Beelen J, Roos NM, Groot LC. A 12-week intervention with protein-enriched foods and drinks improved protein intake but not physical performance of older patients during the first 6 months after hospital release: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition 2017;117(11):1541-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Beelen 2017b {published data only}
    1. Beelen J, Roos NM, Groot LC. Protein enrichment of familiar foods as an innovative strategy to increase protein intake in institutionalized elderly. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 2017;21(2):173-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bello 2019 {published data only}
    1. Bello TK, Gericke GJ, MacIntyre UE, Becker P. A nutrition education programme improves quality of life but not anthropometric status of adults living with HIV in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Public Health Nutrition 2019;22(12):2290-302. - PMC - PubMed
Benzekri 2019 {published data only}
    1. Benzekri NA, Sambou JF, Tamba IT, Diatta JP, Sall I, Cisse O, et al. Nutrition support for HIV-TB co-infected adults in Senegal, West Africa: a randomized pilot implementation study. PLoS ONE 2019;14(7):e0219118. - PMC - PubMed
Bernoth 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bernoth MA, Dietsch E, Davies C. 'Two dead frankfurts and a blob of sauce': the serendipity of receiving nutrition and hydration in Australian residential aged care. Collegian (Royal College of Nursing, Australia) 2014;21(3):171-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bhattacharjee 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bhattacharjee A, Bahar I, Saikia A. Nutritional assessment of patients with head and neck cancer in north-east India and dietary intervention. Indian Journal of Palliative Care 2015;21(3):289-95. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Bills 1993 {published data only}
    1. Bills DJ, Spangler AA. Impact of dietitians on quality of care in 16 nursing homes in east central Indiana. Journal Of The American Dietetic Association 1993;93(1):73-5. - PubMed
Bolton 1990 {published data only}
    1. Bolton J, Shannon L, Smith V, Abbott R, Bell SJ, Stubbs L, et al. Comparison of short-term and long-term palatability of six commercially available oral supplements. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 1990;3(5):317-21.
Bories 1994 {published data only}
    1. Bories PN, Campillo B. One-month regular oral nutrition in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Changes of nutritional status, hepatic function and serum lipid pattern. British Journal of Nutrition 1994;72(6):937-46. - PubMed
Botella‐Carretero 2008 {published data only}
    1. Botella-Carretero JI, Iglesias B, Balsa JA, Zamarron I, Arrieta F, Vazquez C. Effects of oral nutritional supplements in normally nourished or mildly undernourished geriatric patients after surgery for hip fracture: a randomised clinical trial. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2008;32(2):120-8. - PubMed
Botella‐Carretero 2010 {published data only}
    1. Botella-Carretero JI, Iglkesias B, Balsa JA, Arrieta F, Zamarron I, Vazquez C. Perioperative oral nutritional supplements in normally or mildly undernourished geriatric patients submitted to surgery for hip fracture: a randomised clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition 2010;29(5):574-9. - PubMed
Boulos 2016 {published data only}
    1. Boulos C, Salameh P, Barberger-Gateau P. Malnutrition and frailty in community dwelling older adults living in a rural setting. Clinical Nutrition 2016;35(1):138-43. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bozzetti 1998 {published data only}
    1. Bozzetti F. Comments on: Why do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies, [comment on: Andreyev et al., European Journal of Cancer 1998, 34, pp. 503-9] (multiple letters). European Journal of Cancer 1998;34(13):2132-3. - PubMed
Braunschweig 2015 {published data only}
    1. Braunschweig CA, Sheean PM, Peterson SJ, Gomez Perez S, Freels S, Lateef O, et al. Intensive nutrition in acute lung injury: a clinical trial (INTACT). Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 2015;39(1):13-20. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Bugge 1997 {published data only}
    1. Bugge KE, Tschudi MC. Developing a research-based innovation protocol on nutritional support to patients with cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. Vard I Norden Nursing Science and Research in the Nordic Countries 1997;17:24-7.
Bunout 1989 {published data only}
    1. Bunout D, Aicardi V, Hirsch S, Petermann M, Kelly M, Silva G, et al. Nutritional support in hospitalized patients with alcoholic liver disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1989;43(9):615-21. - PubMed
Burger 1993 {published data only}
    1. Burger B, Ollenschlager G, Schrappe M, Stute A, Fischer M, Wessel D, et al. Nutrition behavior of malnourished HIV-infected patients and intensified oral nutritional intervention. Nutrition 1993;9(1):43-4. - PubMed
Buys 2017 {published data only}
    1. Buys DR, Campbell AD, Godfryd A, Flood K, Kitchin E, Kilgore ML, et al. Meals enhancing nutrition after discharge: findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2017;117(4):599-608. - PMC - PubMed
Caccialanza 2006 {published data only}
    1. Caccialanza R, Palladini G, Klersy C, Cena H, Vagia C, Cameletti B, et al. Nutritional status of outpatients with systemic immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006;83(2):350-4. - PubMed
Caetano 2017 {published data only}
    1. Caetano C, Valente A, Silva FJ, Antunes, J, Garagaza C. Effect of an intradialytic proein-rich meal intake in nutritional and body composition parameters on hemodialysis patients. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2017;20:29-33. - PubMed
    1. Garagaza C, Silva J, Valente A, Antunes J, Caetano C. Effect of a protein-rich meal intake during haemodialysis treatment. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2016;31 Suppl 1:298-305. [ABSTRACT NO: SP612]
Capozzi 2012 {published data only}
    1. Capozzi LC, Lau H, Reimer RA, McNeely M, Giese-Davis J, Culos-Reed SN. Exercise and nutrition for head and neck cancer patients: a patient orientated, clinic supported randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2012;12:446. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-446.] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Carlos Candido 2016 {published data only}
    1. Carlos Candido AP, Soares Torres Melo A. Evaluation of the nutritional aspects of health conditions and the sociodemographic profile of elderly people attending the elderly health department [Avaliacao dos aspectos nutricionais das condicoes de saude e do perfil sociodemografico de idosos atendidos no departamento de saude do idoso]. Revista de Atencao Primaria a Saude 2016;19(4):533-45.
Carlsson 2005 {published data only}
    1. Carlsson P, Tidermark J, Ponzer S, Soderqvist A, Cederholm T. Food habits and appetite of elderly women at the time of femoral neck fracture and after nutritional and anabolic support. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2005;18(2):117-20. - PubMed
Cereda 2018 {published data only}
    1. Cereda E, Cappello S, Colombo S, Klersy C, Imarisio I, Turri A, et al. Counseling with or without systematic use of oral supplements in head-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Nutrition 2018;50:e1. - PubMed
    1. Cereda E, Cappello S, Colombo S, Klersy C, Imarisio I, Turri A, et al. Nutritional counselling with or without systematic use of oral nutritional supplements in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2018;126(1):81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.10.015] - DOI - PubMed
    1. NCT02055833. Intensive nutritional counseling in head-neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02055833 (date first posted 05 Feb 2014).
Charlton 2012 {published data only}
    1. Charlton K, Nichols C, Bowden S, Milosavljevic M, Lambert K, Barone L, et al. Poor nutritional status of older subacute patients predicts clinical outcomes and mortality at 18 months of follow-up. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2012;66(11):1224-8. - PubMed
Chen 2017 {published data only}
    1. Chen SH, Huang YP, Shao JH. Effects of a dietary self-management programme for community-dwelling older adults: a quasi-experimental design. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 2017;31(3):619-29. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Chew 2021 {published data only}
    1. Chew ST, Tan NC, Cheong M, Oliver J, Baggs G, Choe Y, et al. Impact of specialized oral nutritional supplement on clinical, nutritional, and functional outcomes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in community-dwelling older adults at risk of malnutrition. Clinical Nutrition 2021;40(4):1879-92. - PubMed
ChiCTR1900020807 {unpublished data only}
    1. ChiCTR1900020807. Randomized controlled trial for early ONS treatment vs standard nutrition treatment in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1900020807 2019.
ChiCTR1900021167 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR1900021167. Clinical application of Yukunlun nutritious formula food in improving the nutritional status of patients with COPD. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1900021167 2019.
ChiCTR‐INR‐17012826 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-INR-17012826. Study of the effect of HMB on sarcopenia in the community-dwelling elderly. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-INR-17012826 2017.
Choi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Choi OJ, Cho YG, Kang JH, Park HA, Kim KW, Hur YI, et al. Weight control attempts in underweight Korean adults: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2007-2010. Korean Journal of Family Medicine 2013;34(6):393-402. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Della Valle 2018 {published data only}
    1. Della Valle S, Colatruglio S, La Vela V, Tagliabue E, Mariani L, Gavazzi C. Nutritional intervention in head and neck cancer patients during chemo-radiotherapy. Nutrition 2018;51-2:95-7. - PubMed
DeLuis 2010 {published data only}
    1. De Luis DA, Bachiller P, Palacios T, Izaola O, Eiros Bouza JM, Aller R. Nutritional treatment for ambulatory patients with acquired immunodeficiency virus infection and previous weight loss using a formula enriched with n3 fatty acids. a randomized prospective trial. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2010;14(5):449-54. - PubMed
Demeny 2015 {published data only}
    1. Demeny D, Jukic K, Dawson B, O’Leary F. Current practices of dietitians in the assessment and management of malnutrition in elderly patients. Nutrition & Dietetics 2015;72(3):254–60.
Deutz 2016 {published data only}
    1. Deutz NE, Matheson EM, Matarese LE, Luo M, Baggs GE, Nelson JL, et al. Readmission and mortality in malnourished, older, hospitalized adults treated with a specialized oral nutritional supplement: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition 2016;35(1):18-26. [PMID: ] - PubMed
De Waele 2015 {published data only}
    1. De Waele E, Mattens S, Honore PM, Spapen H, De Greve J, Pen JJ. Nutrition therapy in cachectic cancer patients. The Tight Caloric Control (TiCaCo) pilot trial. Appetite 2015;91:298-301. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ding 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ding J, Cai X, Chen M. The effect of a comprehensive intervention on the quality of life of oseophageal cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016;24(4):230-5.
Dizon 2016 {published data only}
    1. Dizon F, Wang L, Parsons T, Gray V, Reiboldt W. Impact of modified dietary education combined with high energy/protein meals during hemodialysis treatment on protein and phosphorus intake and nutritional status in hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients. FASEB Journal 2016;30(1 Supplement):1159.5-1159.5. [ABSTRACT NO.: 1159.5] [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.1159.5] - DOI
Dorner 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dorner TE, Lackinger C, Haider S, Luger E, Kapan A, Luger M, et al. Nutritional intervention and physical training in malnourished frail community-dwelling elderly persons carried out by trained lay "buddies": study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2013;13:1232. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
DRKS00016661 {unpublished data only}
    1. DRKS00016661. The influence of oral supplement nutrition for geriatric patients with fractures of the proximal femur and malnutrition. http://www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00016661.
Duncan 2006 {published data only}
    1. Duncan DG, Beck SJ, Hood K, Johansen A. Using dietetic assistants to improve the outcome of hip fracture: a randomised controlled trial of nutritional support in an acute trauma ward. Age and Ageing 2006;35(2):148-53. - PubMed
Dupuis 2017 {published data only}
    1. Dupuis M, Kuczewski E, Villeneuve L, Bin-Dorel S, Haine M, Falandry C, et al. Age Nutrition Chirugie (ANC) study: impact of a geriatric intervention on the screening and management of undernutrition in elderly patients operated on for colon cancer, a stepped wedge controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics 2017;17(1):10. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Efthimiou 1988 {published data only}
    1. Efthimiou J, Fleming J, Gomes C, Spiro SG. The effect of supplementary oral nutrition in poorly nourished patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1988;137(5):1075-82. - PubMed
Ekramzadeh 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ekramzadeh M, Jafari P, Ayatollahi M, Saghev M. Anti-inflammatory diet alleviates malnutrition, inflammation and oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2015;67(suppl 1):371-2.
Elbanna 1996 {published data only}
    1. Elbanna HM, Tolba KG, Darwish OA. Dietary management of surgical patients: effects on incisional wound healing. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 1996;2:243-54.
Elkort 1981 {published data only}
    1. Elkort RJ, Baker FL, Vitale JJ, Cordano A. Long-term nutritional support as an adjunct to chemotherapy for breast cancer. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 1981;5(5):385-90. - PubMed
Elmstaahl 1987 {published data only}
    1. Elmstahl S, Steen B. Hospital nutrition in geriatric long-term care medicine: II. Effects of dietary supplements. Age and Ageing 1987;16(2):73-80. - PubMed
Eneroth 1997 {published data only}
    1. Eneroth M, Apelqvist J, Larsson J, Persson BM. Improved wound healing in transtibial amputees receiving supplementary nutrition. International Orthopaedics 1997;21(2):104-8. - PMC - PubMed
Engel 1995 {published data only}
    1. Engel B, Kon P, Raftery MJ. Strategies to identify and correct malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition 1995;5:62-6.
Evans 2013 {published data only}
    1. Evans D, McNamara L, Maskew M, Selibas K, Amsterdam D, Baines N, et al. Impact of nutritional supplementation on immune response, body mass index and bioelectrical impedance in HIV-positive patients starting antiretroviral therapy. Nutrition Journal 2013;12:111. [DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-111] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Faber 2015 {published data only}
    1. Faber J, Uitdehaag MJ, Spaander M, Steenbergen-Langeveld S, Vos P, Berkhout M, et al. Improved body weight and performance status and reduced serum PGE2 levels after nutritional intervention with a specific medical food in newly diagnosed patients with esophageal cancer or adenocarcinoma of the gastro-esophageal junction. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle 2015;6(1):32-44. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Faccio 2021 {published data only}
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Fietkau 2013 {published data only}
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Gil Gregorio 2003 {published data only}
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Gomez Sanchez 2010 {published data only}
    1. Gomez Sanchez MB, Garcia-Talavera Espin NV, Sanchez Alvarez C, Zomeno Ros AI, Hernandez MN, Gomez Ramos MJ, et al. Perioperative nutritional support in patients with colorectal neoplasms. Nutricion Hospitalaria 2010;25(5):797-805. - PubMed
Gurgun 2013 {published data only}
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Hamirudin 2017 {published data only}
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Hammersley 2015 {published data only}
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Hansra 2017 {published data only}
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Hashmi 2016 {published data only}
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Ingadottir 2019 {published data only}
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ISRCTN56882109 {published data only}
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NCT00417508 {published data only}
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NCT00769652 {published data only}
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NCT01116947 {published data only}
    1. NCT01116947. Fosrenol for enhancing dietary protein intake in hypoalbuminemic dialysis patients (FrEDI) study. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01116947 (date first posted 05 May 2010).
NCT01190969 {published data only}
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NCT02681601 {published data only}
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NCT03488511 {published data only}
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NCT03649698 {published data only}
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NCT03741283 {unpublished data only}
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NCT03774953 {unpublished data only}
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NCT03792711 {unpublished data only}
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NCT03807310 {unpublished data only}
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NCT03924089 {unpublished data only}
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NCT04027413 {unpublished data only}
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NCT04036825 {unpublished data only}
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NCT04109495 {published data only}
    1. NCT04109495. Usefulness of smartphone application for improving nutritional status of pancreatic cancer patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04109495 (date first posted 30 Sep 2019).
NCT04175769 {unpublished data only}
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Parrott 2006 {published data only}
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Patel 1998 {published data only}
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Paulsen 2020 {published data only}
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Pedersen 2005 {published data only}
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Pietersma 2003 {published data only}
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Planas 2005 {published data only}
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Plank 2008 {published data only}
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Poulsen 2014 {published data only}
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Rabinovitch 2006 {published data only}
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Rassmussen 2006 {published data only}
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Reinders 2018 {published data only}
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Rizk 2017 {published data only}
    1. Karavetian M, Abboud S, Elzein H, Haydar S, Vries N. Nutritional education for management of osteodystrophy (NEMO) trial: design and patient characteristics, Lebanon. Nutrition Research and Practice 2014;8(1):103-11. - PMC - PubMed
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Rozentryt 2010 {published data only}
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Rüfenacht 2010 {published data only}
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Sankhaanurak 2021 {published data only}
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Skaarud 2018 {published data only}
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Solomon 1978 {published data only}
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Swaminathan 2010 {published data only}
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Swanenburg 2007 {published data only}
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Tandon 1984 {published data only}
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Turic 1998 {published data only}
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Abdelsalam 2019 {published data only}
    1. Abdelsalam M, El Aty NA, Tawfik M, Mohamed H, Hassanin A. Efficacy of nutritional support program on anthropometric measurement and subjective global assessment score among hemodialysis patients. In: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. Vol. 34, supplement 1. 2019:a490;SP391.
Abdollahi 2019 {published data only}
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Britton 2019 {published data only}
    1. Britton B, Baker A, Wolfenden L, Wratten C, Bauer J, Beck A, McElduff P, Carter G. Eating As Treatment (EAT): a stepped-wedge, randomised controlled trial of a health behaviour intervention provided by dietitians to improve nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. In: Psycho-oncology. Vol. 25, Issue S3. 2016:65 (abstract 197). - PMC - PubMed
    1. Britton B, Baker AL, Wolfenden L, Wratten C, Bauer J, Beck AK, et al. Eating as treatment (EAT): a stepped-wedge, randomized controlled trial of a health behavior change intervention provided by dietitians to improve nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy (TROG 12.03). International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics 2019;103(2):353-62. - PubMed
Camere 2016 {published data only}
    1. Camere MA, Benito P, Camere MD, La Serna JE, Guarro M, Morera M. An oral nutritional supplement reduces malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clinical Nutrition 2016;35 Suppl 1:S187-8.
Cawood 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cawood AL, Smith TR, Guildford N, Wood C, Ashbolt K, Walters ER, et al. Low volume energy dense oral nutritional supplements improve micronutrient intakes in free living malnourished older people - a randomised trial. Clinical Nutrition 2017;36:S175-6.
Cereda 2019 {published data only}
    1. Cereda E, Turri A, Klersy C, Cappello S Ferrari A, Filippi AR, et al. Whey protein isolate supplementation improves body composition, muscle strength, and treatment tolerance in malnourished advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Cancer Medicine 2019;8:6923-32. - PMC - PubMed
Chewaskulyong 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chewaskulyong B, Sukaraphat N, Buranapin S. Dietary counseling outcome in locally advanced unresectable or metastatic cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. European Journal of Cancer 2015;51 Suppl 3:S229. - PubMed
ChiCTR1800014842 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR1800014842. Nutritional management in the application of abdominal infection and efficacy: a randomized controlled trial. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1800014842 2018.
ChiCTR‐IOR‐17013151 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR-IOR-17013151. The effect of nutrition support therapy on nutrition status and clinical outcome of outpatients with tuberculosis. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-IOR-17013151 2017.
Collins 2014 {published data only}
    1. Collins PF, Stratton RJ, Elia M. Nutritional support in chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) a randomised trial. Clinical Nutrition 2014;33 Suppl 1:S65.
Cong 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cong M, Li S, Liu X, Liu W, Cheng G, Yu L. Effect of nutritional counseling combined with oral nutritional supplements on clinical outcome of esophageal cancer patients under radiotherapy treatment. Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2016;24(2):86-90.
Cramon 2019 {published data only}
    1. Cramon MO, Raben I, Beck AM, Andersen JR. Individual nutritional intervention during 4 weeks for the prevention of re-admissions among geriatric patients - RCT. In: Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 38. 2019:S14 OR28.
CTRI/2012/05/002698 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2012/05/002698. A randomised control trial on the effect of nutritional counseling and supplementation on HIV patients initiating Anti Retroviral Therapy. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI/2012/05/002698 2012.
CTRI/2018/10/015882 {published data only}
    1. Effect of structured preoperative nutritional protocol on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeries in JIPMER - randomized controlled trial. www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=28149&EncHid... 2018.
CTRI/2018/11/016369 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2018/11/016369. Will nutitional counselling through telephone reduce death and complications of chronic liver disease. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI/2018/11/016369. 2018.
Cui 2017 {published data only}
    1. Cui H, Yang X, Tang D, Zhou X, Ding R, Zhu M, et al. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on nutritional status and quality of life in patients with gastric cancer after operation (23 cases RCT observations). Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2017;25(3):183-8.
Gaitan 2017 {published data only}
    1. Gaitan S, Hernandez, L, Santos A, Hernandez J, Zavaleta G. Effectiveness of specialized nutritional supplement in hemodialysis patients with protein energy wasting. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2017;32(suppl 3):iii88.
Ha 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ha L, Hauge T, Spenning AB, Ole Iversen P. Individual nutritional support prevents undernutrition, increases muscle strength and improves QoL among elderly at nutritional risk hospitalized for acute stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition 2010;29(5):567-73. - PubMed
    1. NCT00163007. Nutritional therapy for stroke patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00163007 (date first posted 13 Sep 2005).
Hansen  2020 {published data only}
    1. Hansen NM, Faurholt-Jepsen D, Ryrso CK, Hegelund MH, Dungu AM, Seijdic A, et al. The effect of protein-based nutritional supplementation during and after hospital stay in patients with community acquired pneumonia. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2020;40:428-9.
Hebuterne 2019 {published data only}
    1. Hebuterne X, Besnard I, François E, Bachmann P, Mahamat A, Assenat E, et al. Impact of an early active dietary counseling on grade ≥ 3 toxicity in patients receiving firs t-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2019;7(8):948.
Hoekstra 2005 {published data only}
    1. Hoekstra JC, Uil SM, den Berg JW, Elvers JW. Nutritional intervention versus standard nutritional advice in malnourished COPD patients. European Respiratory Journal 2005;26 Suppl 49:721s.
Hsieh 2019 {published data only}
    1. Hsieh J-T, Su S-C, Chen C-W, Kang Y-W, Hu M-H, Hsu L-L, et al. Individualised home-based exercise and nutrition interventions improve frailty in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2019;16(119):1-15. - PMC - PubMed
Hubbard 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hubbard G, Holdoway A, Kerr A, Robertson D, Stratton R. A randomised controlled trial comparing the use of a very dense nutritional supplement with dietary advice in malnourished community-based elderly patients. Clinical Nutrition Supplements 2009;4(2):121.
Jabbour 2019 {published data only}
    1. Jabbour J, Manana B, Sakr M, Zahreddine Z, Tamim H, Bazarbachi A, Blaise D, El-Cheikh J. The impact of counseling on nutritional status among hematopoietic stem cell recipients: results of a randomized controlled trial. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2019;54:752-756. - PubMed
    1. NCT02791347. Nutrition intervention among stem cell recipients: post hospital discharge. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02791347 (first posted 06 Jun 2016).
Jia 2019 {published data only}
    1. Jia Z, Fang Y, Ting Ting W, BiQing Y, Jing Z, Ni JJ. Effect of nutrition support on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute episode. Progress in Modern Biomedicine 2019;19(5):899-902.
Kalal 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kalal C, Benjamin J, Shasthry V, Philips CA, Vyas TS, Premkumar M, et al. Effect of long term aggressive nutritional therapy on survival in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis-interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology 2016;64(Issue S1):705A. [ABSTRACT NO.: 1409]
    1. Kalal CR, Benjamin J, Shashthry V, Joshi YK, Kumar G, Sarin SK. Effect of long-term aggressive nutritional therapy on survival in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis- Interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 2016;35(1):A107-8. - PubMed
Kandel 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kandel R, Chatterjee P, Kumar V, Gopalan V, Ambashtha A, Jathar S, et al. Impact of nutritional supplementation and Nordic walking in frail older patients in geriatrics department of tertiary care hospital in India. European Geriatric Medicine 2014;5:S127.
Kang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kang JH, Shin DW, Baik HW, Hong J. Short-term oral nutritional supplements and nutrition intervention in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition Supplements 2012;7(1):280. [LB039-MON]
Kuhlmann 1999 {published data only}
    1. Kuhlmann MK, Schmidt F, Kohler H. High protein/energy vs. standard protein/energy nutritional regimen in the treatment of malnourished hemodialysis patients. Mineral Electrolyte Metabolism 1999;25(4-6):306-10. - PubMed
    1. Kuhlmann MK et al. Effects of a high protein/calorie diet on nutritional indices in malnourished maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 1998;9 (Program & Abstracts):75A.
Kwon 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kwon J, Suzuki T, Kim H, Yoon H, Lee S. Effects of home-visit nutrition education on nutritional status improvement of an urban community-swelling elderly women in Korea. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Public Health) 2004;51(6):391-402. - PubMed
Limwannata 2021 {published data only}
    1. Limwannata P, Satirapoj B, Chotsriluecha S, Thimachai P, Supasyndh O. Effectiveness of renal‐specific oral nutritional supplements compared with diet counseling in malnourished hemodialysis patients. International Urology and Nephrology 2021;53:1675-87. - PubMed
    1. TCTR20200801001. The Nutritional Effect between ONCE Dialyze compare with diet counseling on malnourished hemodialysis patients. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=TCTR20200801001 2020.
Lin 2017 {published data only}
    1. Lin JX, Chen XW, Chen ZH, Huang XY, Yang JJ, Xing YF, et al. A multidisciplinary team approach for nutritional interventions conducted by specialist nurses in patients with advanced colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a clinical trial. Medicine 2017;96(26):e7373. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lin J-X, Fang H-Y, Chen Z-H, Duan M-Q, Lin Q. Single-center experience with nutrition intervention on patients with advanced colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016;34(15 suppl):e21615.
    1. Lin J-X, Yang JJ, Duan M-Q, Huang XY, Lin ZX. A study of nutritional improvement in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy after nutritional therapy leading by specialized nurse teams. Supportive Care in Cancer 2016;24(Suppl 1):S142-3.
Liu 2018 {published data only}
    1. Liu X, Du H, Huo X, Jiang H. Effect of nurse-led intensive nutritional intervention on nutritional risk, undernutrition and quality of life in hospitalized patients with Alzheimer disease: A randomized controlled study. Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2018;26(4):197-201.
    1. NCT03488329. Effect of nutritional efforts on discharged elderly patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03488329 (date first posted 05 Apr 2018).
Liu 2019 {published data only}
    1. Liu C, Du H, Liu X. Effect of nutritional support based on clinical nursing pathway on nutritional status and quality of life among elderly inpatients with Alzheimer disease. Chinese Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2019;27(5):287-92.
Loser 2021 {published data only}
    1. DRKS00016862. Nutritional Aspects in Head and Neck Cancer Patients undergoing Radio(chemo)therapy. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00016862.
    1. Loser A, Abel J, Kutz LM, Krause L, Finger A, Greinert F, et al. Head and neck cancer patients under (chemo-) radiotherapy undergoing nutritional intervention: results from the prospective HEADNUT-trial. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2021;159:82-90. - PubMed
Maharshi 2016 {published data only}
    1. Maharshi S, Sharma BC, Sachdeva S, Srivastava S, Sharma P. Efficacy of nutritional therapy for patients with cirrhosis and minimal hepatic encephalopathy in a randomised trial. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016;14:454-60. - PubMed
    1. Maharshi S, Sharma BC, Singh JP, Sriastava S, Mantri AK. Effects of nutritional therapy on complications and outcome in cirrhosis-randomized trial. Hepatology International 2016;10(1):S387.
Meng  2021 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR1900026630. Application of oral nutrition supplements in patients at nutritional risk after surgery for gastric cancer: a prospective, randomized, control clinical trial. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1900026630 2019.
    1. ChiCTR2000029322. Impact of oral nutritional supplements in post-discharge patients at nutritional risk after surgery for colorectal cancer: a randomised clinical trial. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR2000029322 2020.
    1. ChiCTR2000029708. Post-discharge oral nutritional supplements with dietary advice in patients at nutritional risk after surgery for gastric cancer: a randomized controlled trial. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR2000029708 2020.
    1. ChiCTR-IIR-17011243. Nutrition support treatment by Nutren to improve the nutritional status of head and neck cancer patients accepted chemoradiotherapy and the influence to patients’ psychological status, quality of life and the prognosis: a prospective randomized controlled clinical study. http://www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR-IIR-17011243 2017.
    1. Meng Q, Tan S, Jiang Y, Xi JHQ, Zhuang Q, Wu G. Post-discharge oral nutritional supplements with dietary advice in patients at nutritional risk after surgery for gastric cancer: a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition 2021;40:40-46. - PubMed
Molassiotis 2021 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12618001352291. A patient-family-centered intervention to promote nutrition In advanced cancer patients: a pilot randomised controlled trial. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375642 2018.
    1. Molassiotis A, Brown T, Cheng HL, Byrnes A, Chan RJ, Wyld D, et al. The effects of a family-centered psychosicial-based nutriiton intervention in patients with advanced cancer: the PiCNIC2 pilot randomised controlled trial. Nutrition Journal 2021;20:2. - PMC - PubMed
Movahed 2020 {published data only}
    1. Movahed S, Toussi MS, Pahlavani N, Motlagh AF, Eslami S, Nematy M, et al. Effects of medical nutrition therapy compared with general nutritional advice on nutritional status and nutrition-related complications in esophageal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation: a randomized controlled trial. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2020;13:265-76.
NCT01171495 {published data only}
    1. NCT01171495. Impact of nutrition intervention on HIV/AIDS infected patients. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01171495 (date first posted 28 Jul 2010).
NCT02051777 {published data only}
    1. NCT02051777. Hospital discharge oral nutrition support trial. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02051777 (date first posted 31 Jan 2014).
NCT02975089 {published data only}
    1. NCT02975089. A pilot study comparing effects of nutrients supplements and dietary approach in frailty management. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02975089 (date first posted 29 Nov 2016).
NCT03631537 {published data only}
    1. NCT03631537. Nutrition-support-team based intervention in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer (NSTBIPAGC). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03631537 (date first posted 15 Aug 2018).
NCT03632200 {published data only}
    1. NCT03632200. Nutritional course of care after surgical treatment at the patients affected by a cancer of the head and by the neck (NUTRIMAX). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03632200 (date first posted 15 Aug 2018).
NCT03944161 {published data only}
    1. NCT03944161. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness study of medical nutrition in malnourished patients in Spain. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03944161 (date first posted 09 May 2019).
NCT04217564 {published data only}
    1. NCT04217564. Nutritional counselling for patients at Kasr AlAiny Multiple Sclerosis Clinic: an intervention study. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04217564 (date first posted 03 Jan 2020).
Norshariza 2018 {published data only}
    1. NCT03688646. Efficacy of ONS supplementation in HNC outpatient under treatment. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03688646 (date first posted 28 Sep 2018).
    1. Neoh MK, Zaid ZA, Daud ZAM, Yusop NBM, Ibrahim Z, Rahman ZA, Jamhuir N. Changes in nutrition impact symptoms, nutritional and functional status during head and neck cancer treatment. Nutrients 2020;12:1225. - PMC - PubMed
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Nyguyen 2020 {published data only}
    1. Nguyen HT, Pavey TG, Collins PF, Nguyen NV, Pham TD, Gallegos D. Effectiveness of tailored dietary counseling in treating malnourished outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics 2020;120(5):778-91. - PubMed
Otten 2016 {published data only}
    1. Otten L, Kiselev J, Franz K, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Müller-Werdan U, Eckardt R, et al. Effect of a three month post-hospital nutritional intervention on functional performance in frail and malnourished older adults - a randomized controlled study. Clinical Nutrition 2016;35(1 Suppl):S161.
Park 2012 {published data only}
    1. Park KO, Choi-Kwon, S. Effects of individualised nutritonal education programs on the level of nutrient intake and nutritional status of colorectal cancer patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2012;42(6):799-809. - PubMed
Pinto 2021 {published data only}
    1. Pinto E, Nardi MT, Marchi R, Cavallin F, Alfieri R, Saadeh L, et al. QOLEC2: a randomized controlled trial on nutritional and respiratory counseling after esophagectomy for cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer 2021;29:1025-33. - PMC - PubMed
Qui 2020 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR1900020543. Effect of whole-course nutrition management on patients with esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a randomized control trial. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ChiCTR1900020543. - PubMed
    1. Qui U, You J, Wang K, Cao Y, Hu Y, Zhang H, et al. Effect of whole course nutrition management on patients with esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a randomised control trial. Nutrition 2020;69:110558. - PubMed
RBR‐35kjvg {published data only}
    1. RBR-35kjvg. Effects of intensive nutritional counseling on nutritional status and quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=RBR-35kjvg 2017.
RBR‐3shhxs {published data only}
    1. RBR-3shhxs. Dietary action on the side effects resulting from chemotherapy and quality of life in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=RBR-3shhxs 2018.
Reinders 2020 {published data only}
    1. NCT03712306. The (cost)effectiveness of increasing protein intake on physical funtioning in older adults. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03712306 (date first posted 19 Oct 2018).
    1. NTR6849. PILOT STUDY 2 'Prevention Of Malnutrition In Senior Subjects (PROMISS)'. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6849 2017.
    1. NTR6915. PILOT STUDY 1 'Prevention Of Malnutrition in Senior Subjects (PROMISS)'. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6915 2017.
    1. Reinders E, Visser M, Wijnhoven HAH. Two dietary advice strategies to increase protein intake among community-dwelling older adults: a feasibility study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2020;37:157-67. - PubMed
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Sahathevan 2018 {published data only}
    1. Sahathevan S, Se C-H, Ng S, Khor B-H, Chinna K, Goh BL, et al. Clinical efficacy and feasibility of whey protein isolates supplementation in malnourished peritoneal dialysis patients: A multicenter, parallel, open-label randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2018;25:68-77. - PubMed
Salem 2020 {published data only}
    1. Salem KM, Nassar MK, El-Savakhawi DH, Elshahat O, Amin MN, Sayed-Ahmed N, et al. The impact of nutritional education on phosphorus control in hemodialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2020;35(3 Supplement 3):Abstract no. P0927.
Sathiaraj 2020 {published data only}
    1. Sathiaraj E, Afshan K, Rangaraj S, Biswas S, Mufti SS, Naik R. Effects of nutrition intervention using nutrition care process on fatigue in patients undergoing chemotherapy – a randomized controlled pilot study. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2020;40:P423.
Schuetz 2019 {published data only}
    1. Bargetzi L, Schutz P, Muller B, Bargetzi A, Hersberger L on behalf of EFFORT study group. Association of different cancer types and benefit from nutritional support in patients at nutritional risk: secondary analysis of a prospective randomized trial. In: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. Vol. 40. 2020:P559.
    1. Hersberger L, Burgler H, Dietz A, Bargetzi L, Bargetzi A on behalf of the EFFORT study group. Individualized nutritional support in congestive heart failure inpatients at nutritional risk secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. In: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. Vol. 40. 2020:P414.
    1. Kaigi-Braun N, Tribolet P, Gomes F, Fehr R, Baechli V, Geiser M, Deiss M, Kutz A, Bregenzer T, Hoess C, Pavlicek V, Schmid S, Bilz S, Sigrist S, Brandle M, Benz C, Henzen C, Mattmann S, Thomann R, Rutishauser J, Aujesky D, Rodondi N, Donze J, Stanga Z, Bueller B, Schuetz P. Six-month outcomes after individualized nutritional support during the hospital stay in medical patients at nutritional risk: secondary analysis of a prospective randomized tria. Clinical Nutrition 2021;40:812-819. - PubMed
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    1. NCT02517476. Effect of Early Nutritional Therapy on Frailty, Functional Outcomes and Recovery of Undernourished Medical Inpatients Trial. https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02517476 2014.
Shadid 2019 {published data only}
    1. Shadid T, Kalyani N, Modak Das S, Mukherjee M, Battacharya J, De A, et al. To compare outcome of Intensive nutritional support with standard practise in head ands neck cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology 2019;133:S642.
Shatenstein 2017 {published data only}
    1. Shatenstein B, Kergoat M, Reid I, Chicoine ME. Dietary intervention in older adults with early-stage Alzheimer dementia: early lessons learned. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging 2008;12(7):461-9. - PubMed
    1. Shatenstein B, Kergoat MJ, Reid I. Outcome of a targeted nutritional intervention among older adults with early-stage Alzheimer's disease: the Nutrition Intervention Study. Journal of Applied Gerontology 2017;36(7):782-807. - PubMed
    1. Silva P, Kergoat MJ, Shatenstein B. Challenges of managing the diet of older adults with early-stage Alzheimer dementia: a care-giver perspective. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging 2013;17(2):142-7. - PubMed
Smith 2020 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN26004104. Oral nutritional supplements and dietary advice versus dietary advice alone on clinical outcomes in malnourished community dwelling individuals. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=ISRCTN26004104 2012.
    1. Smith T, Cawood AL, Guildford N, Stratton RJ. Randomised trial shows low volume energy dense oral nutritional supplements improve total nutritional intake with little suppression of food intake in malnourished free living older people. Clinical Nutrition 2017;36 Suppl 1:S7-8.
    1. Smith TR, Cawood AL, Walter ER, Guildford N, Stratton RJ. Ready-made oral nutritional supplements improve nutritional outcomes and reduce health care use - a randomised trial in older malnourished people in primary care. Nutrients 2020;12:517. - PMC - PubMed
Soderstrom  2020 {published data only}
    1. NCT01057914. Effects of nutritional supplementation and dietary advice in elderly patients after hospital discharge. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01057914 (date first posted 28 Jan 2010).
    1. Soderstrom L, Rosenblad A, Bergkvist L, Frid H, Adolfsson ET. Dietary advice and oral nutritional supplements do not increase survival in older malnourished adults: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 2020;125(3):240-9. - PMC - PubMed
Stratton 2007 {published data only}
    1. Stratton RJ, Bowyer G, Elia M. Fewer complications with liquid supplements that food snacks in fracture patients at risk of malnutrition. Clinical Nutrition 2007;9 Suppl 2:9 (0014).
    1. Stratton RJ, Bowyer G, Elia M. Food snacks or liquid oral nutritional supplements as a first line treatment for malnutrition in post operative patients. In: Nutrition Society. Vol. 65. 2006:Abstract 4a.
    1. Stratton RJ, Bowyer G, Elia M. Greater total energy and protein intakes with liquid supplements than food snacks in patients at risk of malnutrition. In: Proceedings of ESPEN XXVIIIth Congress; 2006 Oct 19-22; Istanbul, Turkey. 2006:158.
Sudarsanam 2011 {published data only}
    1. CTRI/2010/091/006112. Randomized trial of diet supplementation in HIV and tuberculosis. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI/2010/091/006112 2010.
    1. Sudarsanam TD, John J, Kang G, Mahendri V, Gerrior J, Franciosa M, et al. Pilot randomized trial of nutritional supplementation in patients with tuberculosis and HIV-tuberculosis coinfection receiving directly observed short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Tropical Medicine International Health 2011;16(6):699-706. - PMC - PubMed
Sui 2020 {published data only}
    1. Sui J, Zhang H, Wang Z, Li X. Effects of whole- course MDT nutrition management on radiotherapy in elderly patients with esophageal cancer. Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology 2020;47(1):29-33.
Tharun 2020 {published data only}
    1. Tharun O, David M, Jijo V, Atul H, Premaletha N, Krishnadas D. The effectiveness of telephonic reinforcement of nutritional counselling in reducing mortality and complications of decompensated chronic liver disease. a randomised control trial. Hepatology International 2020;14(suppl 1):S428-9.
    1. Tharun T, Krishnadas D. The role of telephonic reinforcement of nutritional counselling as an intervention to reduce mortality and complications of cirrhosis. a randomized control trial. Hepatology 2020;72(Suppl 1):1085A.
Torbergsen 2019 {published data only}
    1. Torbergsen AC, Watne LO, Frojagem F Wyller TB, Mowe M. Effects of nutritional intervention upon bone turnover in elderly hip fracture patients. Randomized controlled trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN 2018;29:52-8. - PubMed
Touger Decker 1997 {published data only}
    1. Touger Decker R, Schaeffer M, Flinton R, Steinberg L. Impact of diet counseling and diet and nutrition status post-denture. Journal of Dental Research 1997;76 (IADR Abstracts):Special Abstract ue 1. [ABSTRACT NO.: 1267]
UMIN000032234 {published data only}
    1. UMIN000032234. Utility of nutritional intervention for elderly dialysis patients. www.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=JPRN-UMIN000032234 2018.
van der Werf 2020 {published data only}
    1. NCT01998152. Individualized nutritional counselling during chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (COLONUT). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01998152 (date fist posted 28 Nov 2013).
    1. Werf A, Blauwhoff-Buskermolen S, Lanjius JA, Berkhoff J, Verheul HM, Schueren MA. The effect of individualized NUTritional counseling on muscle mass and treatment outcome in patients with metastatic COLOrectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial protocol. BMC Cancer 2015;15:98. - PMC - PubMed
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Vazquez‐Sanchez 2019 {published data only}
    1. Vazquez-Sanchez MA, Valero-Cantero I, Carrion-Velasco Y, Castro-Lopez P, Suarez-adenas E, Casals C. Applicability and clinical validity of nursing outcomes classification in a nursing intervention of nutritional counseling for patients with malnutrition. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge 2019;30(3):168-72. - PubMed
Verho 2017 {published data only}
    1. Verho J, Puranen T, Suominen M. Tailored nutritional guidance has positive effect on energy and protein intake of geriatric patients after discharge: a randomized controlled trial. European Geriatric Medicine 2017;8:S28.
Wills 2019 {published data only}
    1. Wills AM, Garry J, Hubbard J, Mezoian T, Breen CT, Ortiz-Miller C, et al. Nutritional counseling with or without mobile health technology: a randomized open-label standard-of-care-controlled trial in ALS. BMC Neurology 2019;19(104):1-9. - PMC - PubMed
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Wu 2018 {published data only}
    1. Wu S-Y, Hsu L-L, Hsu C-C, Hsieh T-J, Su S-C, Peng Y-W, et al. Dietary education with customised dishware and food supplements can reduce frailty and improve mental well-being in elderly people: A single-blind randomized controlled study. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27;5:1018-30. - PubMed
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References to other published versions of this review

Baldwin 2001
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Publication types

Associated data