Identifying the most attractive umbilical position - an eye tracking- and survey-based investigation

Abstract

Abdominoplasty is a popular procedure in plastic surgery providing aesthetic, functional and psychological relief for patients suffering from excess abdominal tissue. Correct umbilical positioning is crucial for a successful aesthetic surgical outcome. This study aims to assess the most attractive position of the umbilicus by means of subjective and objective outcome measures. 58 Caucasian study participants with a mean age of 36.87 (15.6) years rated eight different umbilical positions. The various positions were determined based on the ratio of the distance between the xiphoid process and the umbilicus and the distance between the umbilicus and the infra-umbilical crease: 1:1, 1.25:1, 1.5:1, 1.75:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1 and 5.5:1. Semi-quantitative scoring of attractiveness based on a 5-point Likert scale and eye tracking analyses were utilized. The results revealed that the volunteers perceived as most attractive the ratio of 2:1 with 4.32 (out of possible 5.0). The ratio of 5.5:1 received the lowest rating with 1.8. The results of the objective eye tracking analyses confirmed the subjective rating as the 2:1 ratio was fixated last amongst all other displayed ratios with 1.85 s whereas the 5.5:1 ratio had the shortest interval between image display and first stable eye fixation with 0.94 s. The study confirms the concept of 'internal representation of beauty'. Abdominoplasty procedures could rely on this easy to perform ratio by dividing the distance into thirds and using the boundary between the inferior and middle third as a clinically reliable landmark.

Keywords: Umbilical position; abdominoplasty; aesthetic surgery; body surgery; eye-tracking.