. 2022 Oct;18(10):1868-1879.

doi: 10.1002/alz.12545. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

Clinical reporting following the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: An international overview

Constance Delaby^{1

2}, Charlotte E Teunissen³, Kaj Blennow⁴, Daniel Alcolea², Ivan Arisi⁵, Elodie Bouaziz Amar⁶, Anne Beaume⁷, Aurélie Bedel⁸, Giovanni Bellomo⁹, Edith Bigot-Corbel¹⁰, Maria Bjerke^{11

12}, Marie-Céline Blanc-Quintin¹³, Mercè Boada^{14

15}, Olivier Bousiges¹⁶, Miles D Chapman¹⁷, Mari L DeMarco¹⁸, Mara D'Onofrio⁵, Julien Dumurgier⁶, Diane Dufour-Rainfray¹⁹, Sebastiaan Engelborghs^{12

20}, Hermann Esselmann²¹, Anne Fogli²², Audrey Gabelle¹, Elisabetta Galloni²³, Clémentine Gondolf²⁴, Frédérique Grandhomme²⁴, Oriol Grau-Rivera^{25

26

27

28}, Melanie Hart¹⁷, Takeshi Ikeuchi²⁹, Andreas Jeromin³⁰, Kensaku Kasuga²⁹, Ashvini Keshavan³¹, Michael Khalil³², Peter Körtvelyessy³³, Agnieszka Kulczynska-Przybik³⁴, Jean-Louis Laplanche⁶, Piotr Lewczuk^{34

35}, Qiao-Xin Li³⁶, Alberto Lleó², Catherine Malaplate³⁷, Marta Marquié^{14

15}, Colin L Masters³⁶, Barbara Mroczko³⁴, Léonor Nogueira³⁸, Adelina Orellana^{14

15}, Markus Otto³⁹, Jean-Baptiste Oudart⁴⁰, Claire Paquet⁶, Federico Paolini Paoletti⁹, Lucilla Parnetti⁹, Armand Perret-Liaudet⁴¹, Katell Peoc'h⁴², Koen Poesen⁴³, Albert Puig-Pijoan^{26

27}, Isabelle Quadrio⁴¹, Muriel Quillard-Muraine⁴⁴, Benoit Rucheton⁴⁵, Susanna Schraen⁴⁶, Jonathan M Schott³¹, Leslie M Shaw⁴⁷, Marc Suárez-Calvet^{25

26

27

28}, Magda Tsolaki⁴⁸, Hayrettin Tumani³⁹, Chinedu T Udeh-Momoh⁴⁹, Lucie Vaudran⁵⁰, Marcel M Verbeek⁵¹, Federico Verde^{52

53}, Lisa Vermunt³, Jonathan Vogelgsang^{21

54}, Jens Wiltfang^{21

55

56}, Henrik Zetterberg^{4

57

58

59}, Sylvain Lehmann¹

Affiliations

¹ LBPC-PPC, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
² Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
³ Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁴ Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁵ European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) "Rita Levi-Montalcini", Roma, Italy.
⁶ Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU APHP Nord Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France.
⁷ CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
⁸ CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
⁹ Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
¹⁰ Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital G & R Laënnec, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.
¹¹ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences and Department of Clinical Biology, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
¹² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹³ APHP Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
¹⁴ Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁶ Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, et CNRS, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Team IMIS, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
¹⁷ Department of Neuroimmunology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square, London, UK.
¹⁸ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada & Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
¹⁹ CHU Tours, UMR 1253- iBrain, Tours, France.
²⁰ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Center for Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG, Goettingen, Germany.
²² CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
²³ Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Divisione di Neurologia, Vicenza, Italy.
²⁴ CHU Cote de Nacre Caen, Caen, France.
²⁵ Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁶ Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Unitat de deteriorament cognitiu i transtorns del moviment, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
²⁹ Dept. of Molecular Genetics, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
³⁰ Cohen Veterans Bioscience, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
³¹ Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
³² Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
³³ Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany and Charité-Universitäts medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
³⁵ Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
³⁶ Florey Institute and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³⁷ CHRU de Nancy, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Nutrition/ Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
³⁸ Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, CHU PURPAN, Toulouse, France.
³⁹ Department of Neurology and CSF Laboratory, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
⁴⁰ CNRS UMR 7369, CHU Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
⁴¹ Lyon Neuroscience Research Center BIORAN Team - CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France.
⁴² Université de Paris GHU APHP Nord Beaujon Hospital, Paris, France.
⁴³ Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴⁴ UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Clinical biology, Biochemistry laboratory, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France.
⁴⁵ DMU BioGeM, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
⁴⁶ Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog, LICEND, LabEx DISTALZ, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
⁴⁷ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁴⁸ 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁴⁹ Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁵⁰ CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.
⁵¹ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁵² Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
⁵³ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
⁵⁴ McLean Hospital, Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵⁵ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.
⁵⁶ Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
⁵⁷ Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
⁵⁸ UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
⁵⁹ Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

PMID: 34936194
PMCID: PMC9787404
DOI: 10.1002/alz.12545

Clinical reporting following the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: An international overview

Constance Delaby et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2022 Oct.

. 2022 Oct;18(10):1868-1879.

doi: 10.1002/alz.12545. Epub 2021 Dec 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ LBPC-PPC, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
² Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
³ Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
⁴ Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
⁵ European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) "Rita Levi-Montalcini", Roma, Italy.
⁶ Université de Paris, Cognitive Neurology Center, GHU APHP Nord Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France.
⁷ CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
⁸ CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
⁹ Lab of Clinical Neurochemistry, Section of Neurology, Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
¹⁰ Laboratoire de Biochimie, Hôpital G & R Laënnec, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.
¹¹ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Center for Neurosciences and Department of Clinical Biology, Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
¹² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
¹³ APHP Centre-Université de Paris, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
¹⁴ Research Center and Memory Clinic, Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁵ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁶ Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, et CNRS, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), Team IMIS, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
¹⁷ Department of Neuroimmunology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square, London, UK.
¹⁸ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada & Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
¹⁹ CHU Tours, UMR 1253- iBrain, Tours, France.
²⁰ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Center for Neurosciences and Department of Neurology, Brussels, Belgium.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG, Goettingen, Germany.
²² CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
²³ Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Divisione di Neurologia, Vicenza, Italy.
²⁴ CHU Cote de Nacre Caen, Caen, France.
²⁵ Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁶ Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Unitat de deteriorament cognitiu i transtorns del moviment, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
²⁸ Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
²⁹ Dept. of Molecular Genetics, Center for Bioresources, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
³⁰ Cohen Veterans Bioscience, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
³¹ Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
³² Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
³³ Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Neurology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany and Charité-Universitäts medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³⁴ Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
³⁵ Lab for Clinical Neurochemistry and Neurochemical Dementia Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
³⁶ Florey Institute and The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³⁷ CHRU de Nancy, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire et Nutrition/ Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
³⁸ Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Cytologie, CHU PURPAN, Toulouse, France.
³⁹ Department of Neurology and CSF Laboratory, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
⁴⁰ CNRS UMR 7369, CHU Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.
⁴¹ Lyon Neuroscience Research Center BIORAN Team - CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France.
⁴² Université de Paris GHU APHP Nord Beaujon Hospital, Paris, France.
⁴³ Laboratory for Molecular Neurobiomarker Research (LaMoN), Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴⁴ UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Clinical biology, Biochemistry laboratory, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France.
⁴⁵ DMU BioGeM, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
⁴⁶ Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog, LICEND, LabEx DISTALZ, Université de Lille, Lille, France.
⁴⁷ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.
⁴⁸ 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
⁴⁹ Imperial College London, London, UK.
⁵⁰ CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.
⁵¹ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud Alzheimer Centre, Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
⁵² Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
⁵³ Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
⁵⁴ McLean Hospital, Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.
⁵⁵ German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany.
⁵⁶ Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
⁵⁷ Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
⁵⁸ UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK.
⁵⁹ Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

PMID: 34936194
PMCID: PMC9787404
DOI: 10.1002/alz.12545

Abstract

Introduction: The current practice of quantifying cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers as an aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) varies from center to center. For a same biochemical profile, interpretation and reporting of results may differ, which can lead to misunderstandings and raises questions about the commutability of tests.

Methods: We obtained a description of (pre-)analytical protocols and sample reports from 40 centers worldwide. A consensus approach allowed us to propose harmonized comments corresponding to the different CSF biomarker profiles observed in patients.

Results: The (pre-)analytical procedures were similar between centers. There was considerable heterogeneity in cutoff definitions and report comments. We therefore identified and selected by consensus the most accurate and informative comments regarding the interpretation of CSF biomarkers in the context of AD diagnosis.

Discussion: This is the first time that harmonized reports are proposed across worldwide specialized laboratories involved in the biochemical diagnosis of AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; clinical report; consensus approach; harmonization.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Charlotte Teunissen's institution received consulting fees from Roche and received Kits for blood‐based biomarkers from Quanterix and ADx Neurosciences. She leads the Global Biomarker Standardisation Consortium, Blood based Biomarker PIA, CSF Society.

Kaj Blennow has served as a consultant (and received fees), at advisory boards, or at data monitoring committees for Abcam, Axon, Biogen, JOMDD/Shimadzu, Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers, and is a co‐founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, all outside the present work.

Daniel Alcoléa participated in advisory boards from Fujirebio‐Europe and Roche Diagnostics and received speaker honoraria from Fujirebio‐Europe, Roche Diagnostics, Nutricia, Krka Farmacéutica S.L., and Esteve Pharmaceuticals S.A. Dr Alcolea declares a filed patent application (WO2019175379 A1 Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease).

Elodie Bouaziz‐Amar received fees from Roche Pharma/Roche Diagnostics France (Board Alzheimer 23 octobre 2019).

Giovanni Bellomo received fees form Innuvatech srl.

Mercè Boada received consulting fees form Roche, Grifols, Araclon, Biogen, Merck, Lilly, Nutricia, Cotexyme, Renew Research.

Olivier Bousigues received consulting fees from KeyQuest Health Ltd, Azure Knowledge Corporation, and benefited from manuscript writing fees from Spectra diagnostic and Revue francophone des laboratoires.

Miles D. Chapman is a member of UK NEQAS SAG Committee.

Sebastiaan Engelborghs received consulting fees from Biogen, Danone, Eisai, icometrix, Pfizer, Novartis, Nutricia, Roche, and received research funding from ADx Neurosciences and Janssen Pharmaceutica. He received fees as an advisory Boards from Biogen, Danone, Eisai, icometrix, Pfizer, Novartis, Nutricia, Roche. He serves as Secretary‐General of Belgian Neurological Society, Vice‐President of Belgian Dementia Council, ExCo member of European Alzheimer Disease Consortium.

Melanie Hart is member of the Royal College of Pathologists Special Advisory Board for Immunology—clinical scientist representative.

Takeshi Ikeuchi received a honoraria for lectures from the following pharmaceutical companies: Eisai, Takeda, Novartis, Roche, Daichi‐Sankyo, Ono, Chugai.

Andreas Jeromin, has served as an advisor to Quanterix Corp and holds stock options.

Michael Khalil has received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Novartis, Merck, Biogen Idec, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. He serves on scientific advisory boards for Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Roche, Novartis, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, and Gilead.

Agnieszka Kulczynska‐Przybik received a consulting and/or lecture honoraria from Roche company.

Piotr Lewczuk received consulting and/or lecture honoraria from IBL International, Fujirebio Europe, AJ Roboscreen, and Roche.

Alberto Lleó has served as a consultant or at advisory boards and received fees from Roche, Biogen, Nutricia, Zambon, MassConsultoria, SEMNIM. In addition, Dr. Lleó has a patent WO2019175379 A1 Markers of synaptopathy in neurodegenerative disease issued. He received royalties from a European Patent licensed.

Barbara Mroczko has received consulting and/or lecture honoraria from Abbott, Wiener, Roche, Cormay and Biameditek.

Léonor Nogueira is a co‐author of a patent concerning the detection of antibodies toward citrullinated protein for the diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Adelina Orellana has submitted MMP‐10 CSF biomarker in the European Patent Office (Patent number 21382305 7, priority date April 9th 2021)

Markus Otto received fees as consultant or advisory board from Axon, Roche, Axon, Biogen. He is a member of the CSF Society.

Jean‐Baptiste Oudart received fees as an expert advisory board for Osimertinib (Astrazeneca).

Claire Paquet received fees as a consultant from Pharmaceutical laboratories Biogen and Roche concerning anti‐AD treatments, as a lecturer for Roche, as advisory board member from Biogen and Roche.

Armand Perret‐Liaudet received consulting fees from QUADRANT consulting (Paris), support from Fujirebio company for attending meetings.

Katell Peoc'h received consulting fees from Vifor France.

Albert Puig‐Pijoan received support from Nutricia (payment of inscription fees to attend meetings).

Jonathan M. Schott received royalties from Oxford University Press, Henry Stewart Talks, Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, consulting fees from Eli Lilly, Biogen, GE, Roche, Alzheimer's Research UK, UK Dementia Research Institute Ltd and as advisory board from Axon Neuroscience SE. He serves as Chair ISTAART Advisory Council.

Leslie M. Shaw received fees from Biogen teaching program.

Marc Suárez‐Calvet received fees as a consultant and at advisory boards for Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, as a lecturer in symposia sponsored by Roche Diagnostics, S.L.U and Roche Farma, S.A. and as member of advisory boards for Roche Diagnostics International Ltd.

Magda Tsolaki is member of Alzheimer Hellas Greek Alzheimer's Disease Federation.

Hayrettin Tumani received fees or honoraria for lectures and advisory boards from Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Genzyme‐Sanofi, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Teva. He is member of DGLN (German Society of CSF Diagnostics and Clinical Neurochemistry).

Chinedu T Udeh‐Momoh received support (travel grant) from Alzheimer's Association and British society for neuroendocrinology. He is trustee for British society for neuroendocrinology.

Lisa Vermunt received support (travel grant) from the Alzheimer Association.

Jens Wiltfang received fees as a consultant from Roche Pharma GmbH, Boehringer Ingelheim, Immungenetics AG, MSD Sharp & Dohm, Abbott AG, Biogen, as a lecturer from Pfizer, Janssen‐Cilag GmbH, med Update GmbH, AGNP e. V., CSF Society, Roche Pharma, Vitos Klinikum Kurhessen, AWO Psychiatrie Akademie, Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, Fachverband Rheumatologische Fachass., Neuroakademie e. V., Guangzhou Glorylen Medical Technology Co. (China), Beijing Yibai Science and Technology Ltd. He has Patents (no.: EP1270592B1; patent no.: US 6,849,416 B2; patent no.: EP2095128B1; EP3105589 A1). He is member of AGNP.

Henrik Zetterberg is a co‐founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, which holds licenses (unrelated to the current submission). He served at scientific advisory boards for Eisai, Denali, Roche Diagnostics, Wave, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Pinteon Therapeutics, Nervgen, AZTherapies, and CogRx. He has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure, and Biogen. He is chair of the Alzheimer's Association Global Biomarker Standardization Consortium and the Alzheimer's Association Biofluid‐Based Biomarker Professional Interest Area.

Sylvain Lehmann received consulting fees from Fujirebio, Euroimmun, and Roche diagnostics.

All other authors declare that they have no competing interests and nothing to disclose.

References

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Clinical reporting following the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: An international overview

Affiliations

Clinical reporting following the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: An international overview

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

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