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. 2021 Dec 6:12:795666.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.795666. eCollection 2021.

Occurrence of Side Effects in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Role of Clinical, Socio-Demographic and Environmental Characteristics

Anna Levy  1   2 , Wissam El-Hage  1   3 , Djamila Bennabi  1   4 , Etienne Allauze  1   5 , Alexandra Bouvard  1   6 , Vincent Camus  1   3 , Philippe Courtet  1   7 , Jean-Michel Dorey  1   8 , Bruno Etain  1   9 , Guillaume Fond  1   10 , Jean-Baptiste Genty  1   11 , Jérôme Holtzmann  1   12 , Mathilde Horn  1   13 , Marion Leboyer  1   11 , Pierre-Michel Llorca  1   5 , Manon Meyrel  1   9 , Fanny Molière  1   7 , Anne-Sophie Nguon  1   12 , Jean Petrucci  1   11 , Romain Rey  1   8 , Raphaelle Richieri  1   10 , Florian Stephan  1   14 , Guillaume Vaiva  1   13   15 , Michel Walter  1   14 , Emmanuel Haffen  1   4 , Bruno Aouizerate  1   6 , Antoine Yrondi  1   2
Affiliations

Occurrence of Side Effects in Treatment-Resistant Depression: Role of Clinical, Socio-Demographic and Environmental Characteristics

Anna Levy et al. Front Psychiatry. .

Abstract

Introduction: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a disabling psychiatric condition characterized by the failure of two antidepressants (ADs). Since the occurrence of side effects (SEs) appears to be one of the main determinants of early discontinuation of pharmacological treatments contributing to a pseudo-resistance, the purpose of this study was to determine the parameters associated with the occurrence of SEs under ADs in a cohort of patients with TRD. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study was carried out using data from the French network of Expert Centers for TRD. For the 108 patients enrolled in the study, the statistical analyses focused on the overall occurrence and on the profile of the SEs (9 categories, 32 items). Results: SEs were influenced by age and sex and were positively associated with the intensity of anxious, depressive and suicidal symptoms, a history of childhood trauma (sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect), and negatively associated with self-esteem, and assessment of overall functioning. Conclusion: Using variables accessible in common practice, these results fall within the dynamic of a more tailored approach to medicine that could allow, through integrated pharmacological management, the continuation of antidepressant treatments, and therefore limit the risk of therapeutic failure.

Keywords: antidepressants; childhood trauma; clinical severity; expert centres; side effects; treatment-resistant depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

AY received speaker's honoraria from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier and carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of medicine Janssen and Lundbeck medicine unrelated to this work. J-BG received a speaker's honorarium from Servier. P-ML received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from Allergan, Gedeon Richter, Janssen- Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Recordati, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva. RRi received a speaker's honorarium from Janssen Cilag. FS received honoraria from Otsuka. EH acted in advisory capacities, carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine, received personal researches, studies, or travel allowance, gave presentations at meetings, and received remuneration for input from the following pharmaceutical organizations: AstraZeneca, BMS, Cellgene, Euthérapie-Servier, Janssen, Elli Lilly, Lundbeck, LivaNova, Otsuka, Pfizer, Sanofi. WE-H received speaker's honoraria from Chugai, Eisai, Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Otsuka, and UCB unrelated to this work. BA received speaker's honoraria and/or a travel allowance from Lundbeck, Sanofi, Janssen-Cilag, and Eli Lilly. He has served on the advisory board of Janssen-Cilag. BE received honoraria for consulting activities for Sanofi. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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