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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 Dec 6:12:758294.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758294. eCollection 2021.

The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jiting Wang  1   2 , Yue Tong  3 , Duo Li  4 , Jun Li  5 , Yaling Li  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The Impact of Age Difference on the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jiting Wang et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Objective: This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of five kinds of COVID-19 vaccines in different age groups (young adults and older adults), aiming to analyze the difference of adverse events (AEs) rate and virus geometric mean titer (GMT) values between young and older people, in order to find a specific trend, and explore the causes of this trend through meta-analysis.

Method: Meta-analysis was used to analyze the five eligible articles. The modified Jadad scoring scale was used to evaluate the quality of eligible literature with a scoring system of 1 to 7. The primary endpoint of the effectiveness index was GMT. The primary endpoints of the safety index were the incidence of local AEs and systemic AEs. Stata 12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Revman 5.0 software was used to map the risk of publication bias, and Egger's test was used to analyze publication bias.

Results: The GMT values of young adults were higher than older adults (SMD = 1.40, 95% CI (0.79, 2.02), P<0.01). There was a higher incidence of local and systemic AEs in young people than in the elderly (OR = 1.10, 95% CI (1.08, 1.12), P<0.01; OR = 1.18, 95% CI (1.14, 1.22), P<0.01).

Conclusion: The immune effect of young people after being vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines was better than that of the elderly, but the safety was worse than that of old people, the most common AEs were fever, rash, and local muscle pain, which were tolerable for young people. As the AEs of the elderly were lower, they can also be vaccinated safely; the reason for the low level of GMT in the elderly was related to Immunosenescence. The vaccine tolerance of people of different ages needs to be studied continuously.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccines; age; double-blind; efficacy and safety; meta-analysis; randomized-controlled trials (RCT).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of studies evaluating qualified research through selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Meta-analysis of GMT between the experimental group (young adults) vs control group (older adults).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Meta-analysis of GMT between the experimental group (young adults) vs control group (older adults).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Meta-analysis of local AEs between the experimental group (young adults) vs control group (older adults).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Meta-analysis of systemic AEs between the experimental group (young adults) vs control group (older adults).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Summary chart of bias risk.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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